After the Order of Melchizedek Free Essays

Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies Theological Seminary â€Å"After the Order of Melchizedek† A Term Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Course: THST 619 Doctrine of the Sanctuary by Ralph D Bock October 2009 Table of Contents CHAPTER 11 INTRODUCTION1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY4 DELIMITATION5 METHODOLOGY5 CHAPTER 27 TYPOLOGY OF JESUS AND MELCHIZEDEK7 WHAT IS TYPOLOGY? 7 WHO IS MELCHIZEDEK? 8 AFTER THE ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK10 CHAPTER 316 SUMMARY, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION16 BIBLIOGRAPHY19 CHAPTER 1 Presentation WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE PHRASE â€Å"AFTER THE ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK? † PSALM 110 SPEAKS ABOUT A PERSON WHO IS A KING AND A PRIEST, BUT IN THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL THERE WAS NEVER SUCH A KING. It may be the case THAT THE PSALM SPEAKS ABOUT A FUTURE KING-PRIEST. Clearly IT DEALS NOT WITH A HISTORICAL KING, BUT WITH THE MESSIAH. We will compose a custom paper test on After the Order of Melchizedek or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now [1] The forecast of Jesus’ ministry as indicated by the request for Melchizedek showed that the Aaronic organization was short lived (Heb 7 refrains 11â€14), and imperfectâ€that is, salvation from sinâ€was impractical through the Aaronic brotherhood. This implied God proposed to change the consecrated law, making it feasible for one who was not a relative of Aaron to turn into a High Priest. When the new High Priest after the request for Melchizedek showed up, the run of the mill ministry would end (refrains 15â€19). Christ became cleric, not based on genealogical ties, however by a celestial presentation. His organization is changeless in light of the fact that His life is indestructible. [2] This is brought in scriptural religious philosophy typology. Regardless of whether typology can genuinely be grasped in the understanding of certain messianic predictions is by a wide margin the most dubious inquiry. One territory of OT typology was that of commonplace people who filled in as models both of others inside the OT and of Christ; also, the Melchizedek of Genesis 14:18-20 filled in as an individual kind of the Messiah inside the OT, as manifested in Psalm 110:4; and that the writer of the Book of Hebrews used the Melchizedekian typology previously utilized inside the OT group to advance his contentions for the incomparability of the brotherhood of Jesus to that of the Levites. [3] Matthew Henry and et al. reference to Hebrew 7. that Melchizedek met Abraham coming back from the salvage of Lot, Melchizedek’s name, â€Å"King of Righteousness,† without a doubt reasonable to his character, stamped him as a kind of the Messiah and his realm. The name of his city implied â€Å"Peace;† and as King of Peace he epitomized Christ, the Prince of Peace, the incomparable Reconciler of God and man. Nothing is recorded with respect to the start or end of his life; hence he regul arly took after the Son of God, whose presence is from everlasting to everlasting, who had nobody that was before Him, and will have nobody come after Him, in His ministry. All aspects of Scripture respects the incomparable King of Righteousness and Peace, our wonderful High Priest and Savior; and the more we inspect it, the more we will be persuaded, that the declaration of Jesus is the soul of prediction. [4] There are solid equals among Melchizedek and Jesus: both are the Sons of God, minister of the Order of Melchizedek, King of Righteous, King of Peace, delegated by God, interminable organization, and previous. Articulation of the Problem The difficult this paper upholds is epitomized in the inquiries: What was so unique about the request for Melchizedek? For what reason would God compare the request for Melchizedek to that of Jesus if there where no trustworthiness to it? Criticalness of the examination The investigation is noteworthy in light of the fact that it will investigate the intertextual investigation of Melchizedek according to Jesus Christ. The examination is imperative since it will add to the information on bringing to center the significance of Jesus’ ministry as better and more lifting and capable than address the issues of God’s individuals during the end long periods of earth’s history. Reason for the Study The primary purpose of this paper is to give a more clear perspective on the prevalent and astounding view of Jesus’ brotherhood as useful enough for the individuals of God. Actually, Jesus Christ is the main genuine clerical middle person among God and mankind. The brotherhoods of Aaron and Melchizedek serve just as good examples of Christ’s compelling service. â€Å"For there is one God, and there is one arbiter among God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a payoff for all, the declaration to which was borne at the correct time† (1 Tim. 2:5,6). [5] Delimitation The paper will be delimited to the couple of pericopes about Melchizedek in Genesis 14, Psalm 110 and the letter to the Hebrews section 7. Procedure This is a subjective examination that depicts Melchizedek and Jesus’ brotherhood from Jewish and Christian sources. Section 1 is a depiction of the presentation that incorporates the importance of study, reason and the delimitation of the exploration. Part 2 contains the writing audit that extrapolates sources from Jewish, Christian, and non-Christian writing to elucidate Melchizedek and Jesus’ organization as pertinent to the arrangement of salvation. Section 3 is the end with the emphasis on the outline and discoveries of the examination work. Section 2 TYPOLOGY OF JESUS AND MELCHIZEDEK WHAT IS TYPOLOGY? Precisely what is a sort? Religiously, a sort might be characterized as â€Å"a figure or ensample of something future and pretty much prophetic, called the ‘Antitype’†. [6] Muenscher says a sort is â€Å"the destined agent connection which certain people, occasions, and organizations of the Old Testament bear to comparing people, occasions, and foundations in the New†. 7] Wick Broomall has a compact explanation that is useful: â€Å"A type is a shadow thrown on the pages of the Old Testament history by a reality whose full epitome or antitype is found in the New Testament revelation†. [8] We would, in outline, propose the accompanying definition, which we reword from Terry: A sort is a genuine, lifted up occurring in history which was supernaturally appointed by the omniscient God to be a prophe tic image of the beneficial things which he purposed to bring to realization in Christ Jesus. Who is Melchizedek? The recognizable proof of Melchizedek has been exceptionally bantered throughout the entire existence of the congregation. Jewish convention has recognized Melchizedek with Shem, the child of Noah who, after the sequence in Genesis, endure the flood and inhabited when Abraham was alive and was his contemporary for a hundred years. Christian convention has proposed various understandings to recognize who Melchizedek was. Origen said that Melchizedek was a heavenly attendant. Others have recommended that he was the Holy Spirit in human structure. Numerous Christians, antiquated and contemporary, have said this is an old style case of a Christophany in the Old Testament, that is, Melchizedek was Jesus Christ himself, who appeared to Abraham in human structure. The idea of Christophany ought to be dismissed on the grounds that it negates the announcement in the book of Hebrews that Jesus was assigned a Priest after the request for Melchizedek. On the off chance that Melchizedek was Christ, at that point how could Christ himself become a Priest in the resemblance of Melchizedek? [9] Ellen White wrote in the Review and Herald that it was Christ that spoke through Melchizedek, the minister of the Most High God. Melchizedek was not Christ, however he was the voice of God on the planet, the delegate of the Father. And all through the ages of the past, Christ has spoken; Christ has driven His kin, and has been the light of the world. [10] Another view is that Melchizedek was a sort of Christ. The typological translation recommends that the organization of Melchizedek was a sort of Christ’s brotherhood. As Melchizedek was a cleric of the Most High God, so was Jesus. As Melchizedek was a ruler, so was Jesus. Both Melchizedek and Jesus were regal ministers. In the people of Melchizedek and Jesus the workplaces of minister and lord were consolidated. For this paper we are going to concentrate on the view that Melchizedek was a kind of Jesus. After The Order of Melchizedek The Lord has sworn and won't alter his perspective: You are a minister everlastingly after the request for Melchizedek (Ps 110,4). In contrast to the standard clerics, for whom it was conceivable to be of holy drop but not really work as ministers (cf. Deut 18,6-8; Lev 21,17-23), the organization of Jesus minister was sworn unto Him by God Himself to be after the request for Melchizedek. He was not of any religious plunge because of the fact that he was not of the clan of Levi, nor was he a minister in the feeling of somebody who was really utilized as an asylum specialist and was completing haven obligations on an everyday premise. In any case, his organization was more lasting and suffering than that of some other cleric, since whether he was working in the asylum and ‘doing the job’ of minister, he was by definition a middle person among individuals and divinity for an amazing remainder. [11] Christ was a cleric of God after the â€Å"order of Melchizedek† (Psalm 110:4; Hebrews 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:11,17). The word â€Å"order† (taxis) implies a â€Å"arrangement. † In this association, it implies â€Å"of comparative arrangement,† I. e. , the idea of, or â€Å"just like Melchizedek†. The significance is this: in some sense the royal organization of Jesus would be comparable in nature to that of Melchizedek. Note the reference to Psalm 110:4 above, and see that Christ made the utilization of this Psalm to Himself in Matthew 22:43-45[12] It was not that Melchizedek was â€Å"without father, without mother† actually, or tha

Marketing Politico

Promoting Politico INTRODUCCIÃN Actualmente nos preocupamos en asociar la marca de un producto o servicio con la imagen del mismo; somos crã ­ticos en este sentido que hasta, muchas veces sin querer, evaluamos las campaã ±as que se hayan desarrollado para estos mismos y vemos como nos influencian las distintas publicidades que se realizan en los medios. Todo esto conlleva an un tã ©rmino, el Marketing, el cual ayuda a conocer lo que verdaderamente desean las personas y como hacer que ellas nos elijan entre las demã ¡s. Es asã ­ que nace el Marketing polã ­tico, que competente a la investigaciã ³n exhaustiva que se puede dar para generar un plan, una buena imagen pã ºblica, un buen departamento de advertising de un partido e innumerables caracterã ­sticas que se ven involucradas en este tema de mucha importancia para el triunfo discretionary y la continuidad del mismo. En esta monografã ­a tendremos conocimiento de informaciã ³n importante. Como podemos comprobarlo desde el groundwork capã ­tulo, el cual es referente al advertising polã ­tico en sã ­, luego un pequeã ±o contraste que se darã ¡ con el promoting comercial y tambiã ©n la especializaciã ³n o profesionalizaciã ³n de los asesores de campaã ±a caracterizando en ellos tres rasgos importantes a detallar. Continuando con ello se explicarã ¡ cã ³mo es la organizaciã ³n del departamento de Marketing en un partido polã ­tico y como es que se debe llevar para que las estrategias que se quieran aplicar se puedan hacer. Todo ello nos serã ¡ fã ¡cil de entender mediante los diversos grã ¡ficos que se presentarã ¡n, conociendo las necesidades a nivel de servicios ejecutivos y de servicios de asesorã ­a, en el departamento risks mencionado. Le sigue el tercer capã ­tulo en el cual se abarcan las tã ©cnicas de venta polã ­tica, el cual ayudarã ¡ al candidato, o, si es mal aplicada puede no favorecerlo, sobre todo este à ºltimo se puede dar si existe algã ºn tipo de negativismo ocean en el partido, en el mercado polã ­tico o en el mismo candidato; es recomendable que se sepa merchant en actos pã ºblicos. Seguidamente le acompaã ±a a las tã ©cnicas de venta polã ­tica el cuarto capã ­tulo importante que es la publicidad polã ­tica, donde explica lo mas importante en la publicidad de un partido que es el mensaje que debe merchant al pã ºblico y seguidores, junto a los diseã ±os visuales y los medios que se usaran para hacer de la publicidad su fuerte en las elecciones que participen; cabe recalcar que en el mundo moderno y cambiante en que vivimos no lo podemos dejar de lado o incluirlo en otra parte como si no fuera trascendental. La publicidad en la Internet es muy importante e influyente mã ¡s aã ºn en las redes sociales. Finalmente el quinto capã ­tulo el cual es un complemento de los capã ­tulos anteriores, en el cual se encontrarã ¡ informaciã ³n complementaria sobre las campaã ±as electorales. Tambiã ©n se describirã ¡ la publicidad que se debe utilizar junto con estrategias de campaã ±a a desarrollar; en este mismo se insertarã ¡n muchas de las thoughts mencionadas a lo largo de la monografã ­a. A travã ©s de este trabajo se entenderã ¡ el promoting polã ­tico desde sus conceptos hasta su explicaciã ³n del porque se da. Como por ejemplo nos recuerdan que â€Å"el advertising polã ­tico es un juego disputado en la mente del voter. Quien gana ese juego, triunfa en la polã ­tica.† (Zepeda, 2002) CAPà TULO I. Promoting POLà TICO El Marketing se enfoca en el anã ¡lisis de los fervors que realmente tienen los consumidores pretendiendo establecer sus necesidades y deseos; generando asã ­ una influencia en el comportamiento y sobre todo en las decisiones que estos desean realizar. (Microsoftâ ® Student, 2010) Siendo ello tambiã ©n se afirma que el promoting polã ­tico es un producto de la segunda mitad del siglo XX; cabe precisar que en su mayorã ­a los autores nos mencionan ni explican una definiciã ³n exacta referente al Marketing pues estos se evocan mas en las tã ©cnicas y estrategias que se pueden dar, para asã ­ obtener las necesidades y energies (no siempre reales) de las personas y satisfacerlos con estas tã ©cnicas o estrategias; tambiã ©n sirve para generar nuevas necesidades. Sin ban se puede inferir que el promoting polã ­tico es el conjunto de todas estas tã ©cnicas de investigaciã ³n, planificaciã ³n y comunicaciã ³n que nos mencionan pero aplicadas hacia una campaã ±a polã ­tica con las tã ¡cticas correspondientes para las elecciones. 1.1. Promoting POLITà CO VS MARKETING COMERCIAL Antiguamente se creã ­a que el promoting polã ­tico y el comercial eran iguales; sin ban luego de anã ¡lisis se pudo second rate que child distintos y no se puede decir que es igual pero sã ­ similares. Si bien es cierto en los dos tipos se tiene que ofrecer algo hacia unas personas y ayudarse de estrategias para que acepten en el groundwork caso an un candidato y en el segundo an un producto o servicio. La persuasiã ³n que las personas tengan hacia los candidatos es distinta debido a que cada uno piensa desde diferentes enfoques, pues al candidato que elijan estarã ¡ en un payload determinado por un periodo mã ­nimo (como si fuera un contrato forzoso) y el producto o servicio si ya no lo desean lo pueden cambiar o descartar cuando quieran. 1.2. ESPECIALIZACIÃN Con el transcurrir del tiempo los especialistas en el promoting polã ­tico se han ido implementando en ciertos partidos polã ­ticos, como es de saberse bets se tenã ­an miembros del partido en loads importantes; sin ban estos no eran los mã ¡s idã ³neos para el payload que le correspondiera. Dado los partidos se dieron cuenta que necesitaban gente mã ¡s especializada se inicio la selecciã ³n de personas en payloads que necesitan tener conocimientos fundamentales. En ello se seleccionaba a los especialistas en promoting y tambiã ©n en advertising polã ­tico (en ese entonces eran pocos) con lo que se fueron especializando en dicha rama polã ­tica y todo ello avanzando a la standard con la tecnologã ­a de las comunicaciã ³n y se especializan en cada etapa especifica de la campaã ±a que desarrollen. Es por ello que Lourdes Martã ­n nos comenta que â€Å"hay tres rasgos que caracterizan la profesionalizaciã ³n del promoting polã ­tico: la especializaciã ³n, la ausencia de afiliaciã ³n o lealtad partidista y la existencia de formaciã ³n ajena al partido para aprender el oficio† (Salgado, 2002) CAPITULO 2. ORGANIZACIÃN DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE MARKETING DE UN PARTIDO POLà TICO Como vimos en el capã ­tulo foremost, referente a la especializaciã ³n, donde se tiene mucha importancia con el tipo de persona que integre los loads del partido; es lo que conlleva a generarle civic chairman importancia a la organizaciã ³n del partido y sobre todo en el departamento de Marketing donde debe estar todo integrado y contar con diversa acciones y tã ©cnicas. En este departamento debe de esta formador por ciertos servicios ejecutivos y tambiã ©n unos de asesorã ­a (tal como lo vemos en la Ilustraciã ³n 1); entre los servicios ejecutivos encontramos el servicio de Anã ¡lisis Electoral, de Actos Pã ºblicos, de Publicidad Polã ­tica, de Relaciones Pã ºblicas y Comunicaciã ³n, de Formaciã ³n y Entrenamiento, de Logã ­stica y el Servicio Financiero; dentro del servicio de Asesorã ­a se encuentra el Servicio de Asesorã ­a Jurã ­dica, de Informaciã ³n y Documentaciã ³n y tambiã ©n el Servicio de Planificaciã ³n y Control. Ilustraciã ³n 1 Organizaciã ³n del Departamento de Marketing Polã ­tico Fuente: (Saiz, Marketing Polã ­tico, 2003) 2.1. SERVICIO DE ANà LISIS ELECTORAL En este servicio se tiene que verificar la informaciã ³n, que esta ocean correcta, para que se pueda lograr el objetivo cuando se tomen las decisiones. Por lo cual se dan funciones importantes como es el analizar los perfiles tipo de los electores, establecer con ello los segmentos del mercado meta ayudã ¡ndose de los intereses del partido, tambiã ©n se encarga de prever la cantidad de votos que puede tener en determinadas elecciones. Todo ello se puede ver en la organizaciã ³n de este servicio de anã ¡lisis, que tiene como consecuencia la producciã ³n, documentaciã ³n, investigaciã ³n de campo y los servicios comunes que se reflejan en la ilustraciã ³n 2 donde nos damos cuenta que se relacionan debido a que uno es consecuente al otro. Ilustraciã ³n 2 Servicio de Anã ¡lisis Electoral Fuente: (Saiz, Marketing Polã ­tico, 2003) 2.1.1. PRODUCCIÃN En el servicio de anã ¡lisis Electoral se tiene que iniciar por la producciã ³n, dentro del cual se detallan tres partes muy importantes de esta à ¡rea si asã ­ la deseamos llamar, primero, el planificar, luego, el ejecutar y por à ºltimo el analizar. Iniciando la Producciã ³n se debe planificar todo lo que se va a realizar referente al estudio de mercado junto con las tã ©cnicas y mã ©todos que se usaran, las personas que lo realizaran, cuã ¡nto demandara, cuã ¡ndo se realizarã ¡ (todo previamente cronometrado en el tiempo), materiales que se necesitarã ¡n y usarã ¡n, y, las instrucciones a los entrevistadores (con ayuda de materiales grã ¡ficos que faciliten el entendimiento). Seguidamente se da la ejecuciã ³n de lo planeado anteriormente en dos partes la documental y la de investigaciã ³n; en la primera se realizan estudios estadã ­sticos en cual nos brinden informaciã ³n sobre la parte interna y externa del partido polã ­tico; en segunda parte se ve el anã ¡lisis del campo lo que se obtuvo gracias a los cuestionarios, evaluando la muestra de los potenciales electores. Finalmente en la producciã ³n se analizan los resultados que se obtuvieron en todos los procesos para que se pueda informar debidamente al chief del departamento, dando una copia al à ¡rea de asesorã ­a (servicio de informaciã ³n y documentaciã ³n) para que nook thoughts en las

SIPA Receives $3 Million Gift for Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Receives $3 Million Gift for Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We are always pleased to announce fund donations that benefit SIPA students. It brings me great pleasure to announce that a Brazilian entrepreneur has donated $3 million to SIPA to facilitate student exchange. The gift will be used to establish the Jorge Paulo Lemann Fund at SIPA and will provide fellowships and grants for Brazilian students to study at SIPA and for SIPA students to study in Brazil. The specifics of fund distribution are still being finalized and as a current applicant there is nothing additional to do at this point to possibly gain consideration for any funding that might be available next year. All admitted applicants are considered for fellowship funding based on information provided in the admission application there is no separate fellowship statement that is required. Below is more information on Mr. Lemann and the goals associated with the donation. Jorge Paulo Lemann was born in Brazil and received his bachelor’s degree from Harvard University in 1961, and later his MBA from Harvard. In 1971, Lemann and three partners founded the Brazilian investment banking firm Banco Garantia, which Lemann helped build into one of Brazil’s most prestigious and innovative investment banks. Lemann and his partners later purchased control of a Brazilian brewery that eventually became AmBev. In 2004, AmBev merged with Interbrew of Belgium. The new company, InBev, is now one of the world’s largest beverage producers. In November 2008, shareholders of Anheuser-Busch, the makers of Budweiser and many other beverages, approved a $52 billion sale to InBev, which will create the world’s largest brewer. The new exchange program complements SIPA’s existing strengths in the research, teaching, and discussion of Latin America. The Institute of Latin American Studies (ILAS) is one of the nation’s foremost centers in the field. The Institute’s primary mission is to bring together and provide resources for Columbia faculty, students and visiting scholars, recognizing the diversity of their interests and approaches, while strengthening their links with Latin America and with communities of Latin American origin in the United States. Columbia University has established its first interdisciplinary post-graduate program in Latin American and Caribbean studies, offered under the auspices of the ILAS. Within ILAS, the Center for Brazilian Studies serves as a key focal point for students and faculty with an interest in Brazil. Established in 2001, the Center offers scholars a place to pursue their research on Brazil, and provides a regular forum for lectures and conferences by visiting Brazilian government officials, business leaders, politicians, and representatives of civil society.

Case Study Analysis - Public Relations Research - 1394 Words

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Motivational Model Of Alcohol Use A Drinking Consumption...

Binge drinking is defined as a drinking consumption of over 5 drinks at a time (Presley, Meilman and Lyerla, 1995; Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Moeykens, Castillo, 1994, cited in Fillmore, M.T. 2001), and there is an increase in frequent drinking and alcohol-related problems among students (Mohr et al 2005). With this severe impact, Kuntsche, Knibbe, Gmel and Engels (2006) points out that there is a long tradition about research on drinking motivations for young people. Broadly speaking, there are two motivational models of alcohol use (Cooper, 1994). One is the particular Motivational Model of Alcohol Use developed by Cox and Klinger in 1988, which presume that people drink in order to achieve an anticipative need. It promotes individuals to make decisions combined by emotional and rational thinking about whether to drink or not (Cox Klinger, 1988). 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Victorian Era Consciousness Free Essays

How would you describe the consciousness of the Victorian Age? Think about their perception of their place in the world. The consciousness of society in the Victorian age is an interesting factor that greatly changed and evolved during the time period. The era’s beginning and end is marked by the birth and death of the reigning monarch of the time, Queen Victoria, spanning from 1837 to the early 1900s. We will write a custom essay sample on Victorian Era Consciousness or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the effects of the Industrial Revolution distinctly felt by all classes within society, it was a time of significant social reformation and drastic change in all aspects of life, and in short was a diverse and complex though tremendously exciting period for those who were living in it. As a result of such rapid growth, expansion and change, it is only natural that there was widespread excitement and perhaps apprehension at the same time. A new world was being created away from the manual driven labour of the old, and one of steam power and coal was emerging, of urbanisation and industrialisation. This constantly transforming and thriving world to the people at the time must’ve been overwhelming and thrilling, as they gained a realisation that all aspects of their lives were becoming influenced in some way or other by the increasingly advanced technologies and innovation. As a result, there was a great influx of population from the countryside to the city, with the realisation that there was a quickly approaching transition away from an agricultural-based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. However there must’ve been a great deal of anxiety and people may well have been wary towards the great changes that were happening around them. There would’ve been a growing new consciousness as society had to perceive the world in a different way than they previously had in order to ‘keep up with the times. As one tiny pebble when thrown into a pond causes consequent ripples to spread throughout the surface, the Victorian Age was like a pond where a great many pebbles were being thrown into. As a result, their way of thinking and apprehending the constantly developing world around them had to be open-minded in the sense that they had to be prepared for more surprises. They had to become receptive to things previously thought impossibl e or perhaps not even imagined at all which came to life- it was supposed to be a new Golden Age and indeed it was. However, the Victorian Age also had its dark side- the side of child labour, devastating unemployment, opium and prostitution. Nothing was certain anymore and with the modernism movement arising towards the end of the 19th century, people began to question many values and concepts that had before been unarguably taken for granted and accepted within society. With the rejection of established patterns of thought, a new consciousness arose where old traditions and customs were critically examined and people realised they had more freedom of thought than ever. How to cite Victorian Era Consciousness, Papers

Taxation Law Personal Exertion of Hillary

Question: Describe about the Taxation Law for Personal Exertion of Hillary. Answer: Introduction: The study deals with critical evaluation of the personal exertion of Hillary, a mountain climber on two different provided scenarios. The second segment relies on significant assessment of the impact on the assessable income of the client; given the client is a parent. The latter portion of the study sheds light on ascertaining the net capital gain or loss of Scott based on the provided information and the other two alternative scenarios. Personal exertion of Hillary: In order to assess the payments of Hillary, it is presumed that Hillary is a permanent citizen of Australia and the woman is legally accountable for paying tax on the income generated in order to comply with the laws of Australian taxation. Hillary could not be adjudged as a professional writer and it is the first time, she has written a ghost story. Thus, the payments received on the part of Hillary by selling the story copyright could be contemplated as the income arising from Capital Gains Tax (CGT). The details of the agreement and the compliance with the Australian taxation law have been presented in a table (Refer to Appendices, Appendix 1). Additionally, it has also been observed that Hillary has sold the manuscript to the Mitchell Library along with some photographs. In this context, Smith (2015) stated that the selling of manuscript and related photographs could be termed as the personal assets of the seller. For instance, Brent v FCT (1971) 125 CLR 418; 71 ATC 4195 deals with the issue of income associated with personal services. In addition, the case also takes into account the consideration associated with the biography of an individual, which could be classified as ordinary income or income from capital gains. The details of the verdict have been presented in the form of a table (Refer to Appendix, Table 2). According to the alternative scenario, it is assumed that Hillary has written the story for her own contentment and decides to sell the same at a future date. In that case, the transfer of copyright ownership would be treated as the events arising from CGT. This would fall under the Section 15(2) of the Australian Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. As commented by Athanasiou (2015), the income falling under such section could not arise out of any agreement. Therefore, no agreement could be generated under such circumstances. Hillary has written her autobiography only to earn a certain sum of money from the Daily Terror by infiltrating into an agreement. Therefore, the payments received as income have aroused out of the personal exertion of Hillary. On the other hand, the second scenario does not involve any agreement in the first place and therefore, it could not be treated as personal exertion. Impact on the parents assessable income: According to the case study, the client is a parent, who has provided $40,000 to her son. The son has made an agreement to repay the debt with additional money amounting to $50,000 after five years. However, the son has cleared off his debt within two years of borrowing along with interest of $44,000. The client has disclosed that the person did not ask for any interest to be paid along with the borrowed amount. The interest amount has been S4000 (40,000 x 0.05 x 2 years), since the amount has been borrowed at 5% rate of interest per annum. As cited by Petty et al. (2015) remarked that income earned as interest from loan could be regarded as the assessable income of an individual, which is taxable under law. This statement has been further supported by Section 6(5) of the Australian Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, which deals with interest income. Hence, according to this Australian tax law, the interest amount of $4000 could be classified as the assessable income of the client. For instance, Riches v Westminster Bank Limited([1947] AC 390 at 400 highlights the essence of interest, which is a kind of due payment yet to be received on the part of the creditor. In the words of Nyst and McAdam (2014), this could be termed as the profit enjoyed by the creditor through the utilisation of lent money or loss incurred due to no potential utilisation. In the provided case, the client has received the lent money before the due date with additional amount of $4,000. Hence, this is a payment received with interest, which depicts the effective utilisation of the lent amount of the creditor. The borrower could present the interest amount paid to the parent in the form of financial support. The client could assert that the additional amount earned is not a portion of the borrowed amount. Under such circumstance, the excess amount earned could be categorised as the ordinary income. This complies with the Australian taxation law of Section 6(5) (Butler, 2016). Additionally, it has been observed that the loan has been granted to the son for purchasing a house. Therefore, the son could claim reduction for the interest paid on the short-term housing loan. In such a situation, the client needs to present the additional amount earned in the category of assessable income. In this regard, Edmonds, Holle and Hartanti (2015) advocated that the assessable income would be treated as the income arising from interest. Therefore, the sum of $4000 received on the part of the client on the borrowed amount could be treated as the assessable income of the parent for the purpose of taxation. Net capital gain or net capital loss: a. Net capital gain or loss of Scott based on the provided information: It is assumed that Scott is a citizen of Australia and engages in the profession of accounting practices. The person has purchased a plot of land in Brisbane on 1980 and constructed a house on the same in 1986. Henceforth, the plot of land and the house would be treated as the personal assets of Scott. As commented by Jones (2016), the personal assets could not be treated as the trading stocks. The net capital gain or loss from the sale of Scotts house has been computed based on the subsequent points: The land has been purchased before 20th September 1985. Therefore, it would be treated as the pre-asset related to capital gains tax and the value realised from the sale of the land would not be taken into consideration for capital gains tax (Faccio and Xu, 2015). The house has been constructed after 20th September 1985. Thus, it would be considered as the post-asset associated with capital gains tax. Since, the building was constructed before 20th September 1999; the cost base related to the house could be ascertained with the help of the indexation method (gov.au. (2016). Under such circumstances, Scott needs to compute the method of tax indexation. Accordingly, capital gains tax of the individual would be computed. Considering the above-mentioned pints, the net capital gain or loss of Scott from the rental property sale and the detailed evaluation has been presented in the form of a table (Refer to Appendices, Appendix 3). b. Net capital gain or loss of Scott in case of the first alternative: According to the case study, Scott decides to sell the property to his daughter at a promised sum of $200,000. In such a scenario, the person would not be able to enjoy the benefits of sales consideration. As mentioned in the Income Tax Assessment 1997, when properties are sold to a member of the family below the market value, the market value would be adjudged as the selling price of such asset. Based on this, the capital gain needs to be calculated by subtracting the market value of the asset on the transfer date from the acquisition cost irrespective of the indexation. Henceforth, the net capital of Scott would remain identical to that of the first alternative. c. Net capital gain or loss of Scott in case of the first alternative: The method of indexation could still be applied to determine the net capital gain or loss of Scott. This is because the organisations do not have the relevant right to apply the discounted method under the Australian taxation law (Niemann and Sureth, 2013). Hence, the capital gain would remain the same, as in case of the first alternative. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been found that Hillary has received the payments from Daily Terror as a part of the income related to capital gains tax by entering into an agreement with the latter. However, the second scenario does not warrant the personal exertion of Hillary, as the sale has been conducted at a future date with no prior intention in the initial stage. From the second scenario, it has been identified that the interest income of the client is $4000, which is taxable under the Australian taxation laws. Finally, the study has concentrated on computing the net capital gain of Scott, in which the value would remain the same for three different scenarios. References: Athanasiou, A., 2015. Acounting for tax: Accountant as executor... really?!.Taxation in Australia,50(1), pp.44-45. Ato.gov.au. (2016).The indexation method of calculating your capital gain | Australian Taxation Office. Available from: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Calculating-a-capital-gain-or-loss/The-indexation-method-of-calculating-your-capital-gain/ [Accessed on 3 Sep. 2016]. Butler, D., 2016. Superannuation: Transferring foreign super fund amounts to an Australian resident.Taxation in Australia,50(8), pp.481-485. Edmonds, M., Holle, C. and Hartanti, W., 2015. Alternative assets insights: Super funds-tax impediments to going global.Taxation in Australia,49(7), pp.413-415. Faccio, M. and Xu, J., 2015. Taxes and capital structure.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,50(3), pp.277-300. James, S.R., 2012.A dictionary of taxation. Edward Elgar Publishing. Jones, D., 2016. Capital gains tax: The rise of market value?.Taxation in Australia,51(2), pp.67-70. Niemann, R. and Sureth, C., 2013. Sooner or later?Paradoxical investment effects of capital gains taxation under simultaneous investment and abandonment flexibility.European Accounting Review,22(2), pp.367-390. Nyst, C. and McAdam, R., 2014. Family law: Tax Office takes aim at separation property settlements: Draft ruling impacts private company transfers.Proctor, The,34(4), pp.24-27. Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin, J.D. and Burrow, M., 2015.Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU. Richardson, D., 2014. The Taxation of Capital in Australia: Should it be Lower?. InChallenging the Orthodoxy(pp. 181-199). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Smith, J., 2015. Australian state income taxation: a historical perspective. Available at SSRN 2704627. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.