The Next Factor Of Public Opinion - 1009 Words

The next factor involved was public opinion. Many were for campus carry because they felt as if they had a â€Å"fundamental right† to be able to carry (â€Å"Strickland,†2016). Several students and faculty helped shape public opinion by describing how it would make their college experience a â€Å"safe and better† one (â€Å"Fernandez,† 2015). Many Texas residents believed that if they were allowed to carry they could then â€Å"prevent mass shooting† (â€Å"Fernandez,† 2015). This was a main argument of public opinion. Though many were against campus carry the ones for it worked together to help change the minds of people who did not believe that guns should be on campus. They did this by describing that the number of students who would actually carry on campus would â€Å"be small† and it would be â€Å"older community college students† (â€Å"Fernandez,† 2015). Public opinion also helped the bill pass because Texas is a conservative state with â€Å"850,000 license holders† (â€Å"Fernandez,† 2015). They wanted to make the public happy by passing the bill because the number of people for it outweighed the ones against it. The opinion of people such as the â€Å"university’s chief of police† spoke out about not being worried because it never had â€Å"been an issue† (â€Å"Fernandez,† 2015). Students believed they had a right to â€Å"self-preservation† and should be allowed to carry (â€Å"Strickland,†2016). In the end Governor Greg aAbbott had listened to people wanting to be allowed to carry on campus and decided he would make the public happyShow MoreRelatedBarack Obama s Presidency Of The Affordable Care Act891 Words   |  4 PagesAffordable Care Act could very well lie with the next presidential administration. With a presidency on its way out that is so well known for Obamacare and presidential candidates using their stance on rep ealing the law as such a key point in their campaigns, one can’t help but wonder, how much does a candidate’s standpoint on the issue affect the public’s opinion of them? Data collected in polls nationwide indicate that that despite a common negative public opinion of Obamacare, a majority of Americans supportRead MoreMilitary Leader Assessment and Development1450 Words   |  6 Pagesnot to be ashamed of their belief system, the diversity of cultural exchange and improvement of intellectual capacity serves to ensure a resilient military. In order to ensure resiliency, several factors must be part of a maturing officer: values, empathy and the Warrior Ethos. These factors were communicated heavily in the 80’s and 90’s. However, the early twentieth century focused on rebuilding and reorganization of forces. Collective training of new equipment was the focus, too. â€Å"ThereRead MoreEssay On Current Weather1284 Words   |  6 Pagesprojected worsening of weather in the United States† by Patrick J. Egan and Megan Mullin published in the journal Nature. Egan is an Assistant Professor of Politics and Public Policy at NYU. He has written or co-written many works ranging from LGBTQ+ rights to politics, to climate change. He seems to write a lot about public opinion and how it comes to be. Egan’s works have been published in journals ranging from Journal of Politics to another article in Nature, to a report for the National Gay andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The War Room 1578 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagescrazed, frenetic energy as a team of people try desperately to get their candidate to the presidency. Like a real war the strategists have to deal with the changeable nature of campaigning, constantly putting out fires and trying to stay on top of public opinion. They have to think up new strategies in order to target their opponents and propel their candidate further in the race. The strategists depicted in the documentary seem to view campaigning as a battle and the movie follows suit thematically.Read MoreThe Persuasion On The Issue Of North Korea1136 Words   |  5 PagesKorea. The questionnaire was composed of several questions that tested each of my friend’s knowledge of the issue, media sources, and overall opinion son the matter. In his responses, Tim answered that the North Korea has become a new development due to its increasing isolation, believed that military action is necessary and that it was a regional threat. The next participant, Keaton, resp onded that North Korea was a historical issue and did not believe that military action was necessary because of itsRead MoreProcedural Fairness : The Case Concerning Dalton Mcguinty And The 2010 Minimum Wage Increase1336 Words   |  6 Pagesexpense of working class people. To more closely examine what procedural fairness issues arose from this situation, I will look at the five factors mentioned in the Baker v. Canada study. In addition, social factors arising from this situation will be briefing discussed. it would be unwise to disregard other social factors arising from this situation. The first factor that the courts looks at is the nature of the decision being made and the process used to make the decision. In this scenario, I believeRead MoreIs College Education Worth The Cost For Students?1385 Words   |  6 Pageslearned that the value of a college degree is an opinion that varies among different social classes, social grounds, and political groups. When I read that less and fewer Americans are finding the value in a college degree, I decided that the next step in my research would be finding out the opinions of those who do see the value in a college degree. Keeping my research question in mind, I searched for an essay to show another point of view. The next essay that helped answer whether or not a collegeRead MoreEthics Essay - Stuck in the Middle1206 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment Item 1: Individual Academic Essay Ethical Dilemma # 4: Stuck in the middle? Introduction It is important to understand why ethical decisions are made in business and what, if any, factors can influence the processes/procedures and ultimately the consequences of these decisions (Crane and Matten, 2010). All business activities involve some sort of decision-making but how people integrate ethics in that process varies from person to person. Many employees todayRead MorePaper On North Korea1360 Words   |  6 PagesKorea. The questionnaire was composed of several questions that tested each of my friend’s knowledge of the issue, media sources, and overall opinion son the matter. In his responses, Tim answered that the North Korea has become a new development due to its increasing isolation, believed that military action is necessary and that it was a regional threat. The next participant, Keaton, responded that North Korea was a historical issue and did not believe that military action was necessary because of itsRead MoreStrategy Recommendation For An Individual Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesits retailing business and brand recognition because it has outlets all over the world. So I would like to suggest, increase in the number of IKEA stores improves the retailing business and brand recognition as well. Technological factors are one of the important factors to be considered by IKEA from PEST analysis. IKEA should use technology advances to give a very tight competition to the competitors and to increase its pace in retailing business. When you walk into an IKEA store, there will be a

Social Media And Social Networking Sites - 3053 Words

INTRODUCTION The social sites these days are gaining a lot of popularity with almost all of the educated youth using one or more of the social networking sites. These have played a crucial in bridging boundaries and crossing the seas and enabling them to communicate on a common platform( Dinh ,2011).The increased use of social networking sites has become an international phenomenon in the past several years. Through these websites everyone connect with their peers , share information ,reinvent their personalities and showcase their social lives (Boyd , 2007).Many people have internet on their phone and a touch of a button check their mails ,their Facebook , movie times, their bank balances etc. Some people argue that the use of social sites in the workplace leads to better employee productivity such as higher morale and other argue that the use of social networking sites in the workplace regulate in loss of labour productivity due to time wasted at work (Wavecrest, 2006).In todays world Facebo ok , Twitter ,Myspace are common websites for people to meet and make acquaintances. MAJOR SOCIAL MEDIA SITES FACEBOOK :It was founded in february 2004 and since has become the most popular website in the UK and the most popular social network in the world having social network available in 70 languages with over 800 million members worldwide and more than 425 million monthly active user including features as : †¢ Posting ,reading and responding to advertisements †¢ SearchingShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Social Networking Sites1074 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook, Twitter, Skype, Pinterest, and MySpace are being used among adolescent and college age individuals for several hours per day. The overwhelming use of SNS within this younger generation has been studied in numerous journals. Cyber bulling has become a serious concern that directly relates to Facebook users that make up this younger generation. Although SNS are intended to be a portal that encourages positive connections and behavior, thereRead MoreSocial Media And Networking. Online Social Media Sites1285 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media and Networking Online social media sites enable users to connect with other people who share similar interests. Members of the social networking world can post news, videos, pictures, and other content. The huge popularity of these social media sites has generated debate on a variety of issues, including safety concerns, privacy, and usage. A social network is â€Å"an online service or site through which people create and maintain interpersonal relationships† (Merriam-Webster 2017). SocialRead MoreSocial Networking Sites For New Media Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction New media has been easily made available everywhere and Facebook in particular as one of the world most popular social networking site (SNS) can be made accessible from desktops, laptops, smartphones and tablet because of this, almost everybody can have access to Facebook anywhere they go. For the most reason, due to the introduction of new media, Facebook plays a key role communication and staying in touch with families, friends, acquaintances, businesses, groups meetings and a wholeRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1563 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has consumed our society. 47% of American adults used social networking sites in 2011 like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter; up from 26% in 2008(quoted from procon.org) the aspects of social media both have a positive and negative impact on life. Social networking sites promote interaction with distant family and friends. Social networking sites can demonstrate opportunities to strengthen existing relationships and to de velop new friendships as well. The downfall of social media sitesRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1033 Words   |  5 PagesAre you concerned about the use of social media? Although the use of social media may concern only the slightest percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world don’t have access to. Social media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problemRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1359 Words   |  6 PagesPeople may say social media is good for you but is it really? Everyday, everywhere I always see people on social media calling people bad names, not being able to communicate face to face with each other. Social media, social media, social media†¦ oh what is has done to the world, so many students grades have dropped, criminals PROMOTE crimes. Ultimately, what is at stake here is social media will one day take over the world. People’s safety will be in danger, crimes will increase, people will getRead MorePositive Impact Of Social Media Essay821 Words   |  4 Pagesis today through social networking. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, the phrase â€Å"social media† refers to â€Å"forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities in order to share information, ideas, and other content† (687). Information is readily available at one’s fingertips at any given moment. Social networking has evolved into one of the most common forms of communication since the launching of some of the earliest social networking sites, including ClassmatesRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Society1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Social Networking Intro Over half of the world uses the internet. 2.2 billion people actively use any kind of social networking. There were 176 million new users of social media just last year (Regan 1). With the influence of so many people a pressing question: Is the impact of social media harmful or beneficial in its effects? Social networking is one of the biggest reports of online traffic. So, if so many people are using these networking sites, what are the effects on us? The â€Å"first†Read MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pages Social media sites, including Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Twitter, and Instagram, provide opportunities for people to connect with each other and have become exceedingly popular in recent years. However, there are increased numbers of mental health problems such as mood problems, emotional issues, and addiction in teenagers as they overuse social media. Advocates of social media may claim that social networking platforms benefit adolescents by increasing connectivity, helping people make friendsRead MoreEssay about The Role of Social Media in American Society 1127 Words   |  5 PagesWhen analyzing the role of social media in American society, several questions come to mind. What is social media and are these social media and networking sites helpful to the people of America; can these sites be used to enhance or do they intrude in the relationships people have with others, a nd can they be integrated into their daily lives successfully. As the world becomes more and more technology friendly, the internet has transformed into a place that nearly everyone can go to get away. With

The Life Trajectory of Social Marketing

Question: Discuss about the The Life Trajectory of Social Marketing. Ansewr: Introduction In this study, the assessment in done on the social marketing of the goods and services produced by Coca-Cola Amatil. It is very relevant for every profit making organization, government organization and for also the non-government and non-profit making organization to maintain social marketing of their products. In this study, the focus is on the social fact delivered by the company Coca-Cola Amatil is we must discourage drug, drink driving and also the use of mobile phones must be prohibited while driving (Kelly et.al. 2003). It is a social thought that is supported and spread by the company Coca-Cola Amatil in the markets of Australia as well as in other companies. The major focus of Coca-Cola Amatil is to do social welfare as it is important for the company well as for the people of Australia too and it can be possible by promoting that drinking and driving is not safe for the life. It is as social cause which uplifts the companys reputation in the markets of Australia. This campaign can be promoted through social marketing of Coca-Cola Amatil products (Andreasen, 2002). An overview of company Coca-Cola Amatil Coca-Cola Amatil was introduced in the year 1973 by the coca-cola company an it first plant is in Sydney in 1983. Coca-Cola Amatil is a company that also known as CCA. It is an independent company that is a producer of many mineral waters and soft drinks. This company was entered in the Australia beverage markets and industry by the year 1990. Now, this company is earning a good amount of revenues and the sale is also very good (Sigala, 2010). Coca-Cola Amatil has now gained licensed territories in Australia. The company main focus is now to engage itself in social marketing as it is the best cause that can help many companies to lift up in the markets of Australia. This company is promoting we must discourage drug; drink driving and also the use of mobile phones must be prohibited while driving (Priem, Hemminger, 2010). The campaign focus of Coca-Cola Amatil was launched in the year 1983, in which 68 % of the employees of Coca-Cola Amatil are engaged and reported. They said that they try to prevent the life of the people who drink and drive. It is the fact that drink also includes drugs and mobile phones (Weitzer, 2007). Coca-Cola Amatil is promoting many campaigns that supports that drink and drive is not safe hey also merge with the department of transportation of Australia to keep the records of number of accident takes place due to drink and drive (Carrigan, Attalla, 2001). The tagline of the campaign includes: "Drinking Driving Can Kill a Friendship" and "Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk." In this way, they are motivating the youth of the Australia to dont drink and drive (Wymer, 2011). It is promotion for the road safety as it is not only harming your own life but also the lives of other people. There are some strict rules imposed by the government of Australia that the drivers are not at all allowed to drink before driving (Andreasen, 2003). The motive of campaign is to promote a positive reason to not drink because may be there will something better that god has planned to be happened tomorrow. In this way, Coca-Cola Amatil merge with many small NGOs to promote the same cause. Through this report, the company Coca-Cola Amatil wants to aware the youth of Australia that lives of people are very important that is not only for them but also for the other people who loves them. In this way, this study will help to promote the cause of the safe driv ing to the people who are indulging in drinking habits (Carrigan, Attalla, 2001). Price The pricing for the products of Coca-Cola Amatil is done according to the geographic segment and market of Australia. Each sub brand of Coca-Cola Amatil has a different pricing strategy. It is also related to pricing strategy of competitors who give direct competition to the Coca-Cola Amatil. Place Coca-Cola Amatil is one of the famous soft drink in the markets of Australia. The distribution system of this company is very effective as they use new techniques in the distribution channels. They try to capture every part of Australia by effective distribution. Promotion Coca-Cola Amatil uses various promotional and advertising strategies so that the demand can be created. They associate the lifestyle and behavior of the people with the brand promotion so that the customers can relate with the products People The customers of Coca-Cola Amatil are present in all over the markets of Australia. The customers are very much fond of this brand that they cannot switch to any other brand easily. Swot Analysis Strength String relationship with the government and stakeholders of the company It is involved in the collaborative alcohol campaigns Visible promotions of the dont drink and drive campaigns Creation of new techniques to promote the social cause Help form the employees and other members who are working with Coca-Cola Amatil (Schultz et.al. 2007) Weakness There is a misconception that awareness leads to change in the behavior of the people There is a lack of research to target the real market There is also lack in the comprehensive approach to how to initiate the campaigns that are effective (Vogel, 2005) There is an involvement of Traditional fear campaigns that are not effective (Maignan, Ferrell, Ferrell, 2005) Opportunities They can create positive campaigns on the promotion of dont drink and drive They can target the population who are indulge in such activities They can utilize social media to promote and spread the ideas to a wider audience They can also involve primary health care options (King, 2011) Threats The alcohol industries are the opposition party for Coca-Cola Amatil Many people are against of this campaign who are demoralizing the other individuals The campaigns many times reach to saturation pints where nobody take interest and ignored by many individuals (Peloza, 2009). Justification of an Appropriate Target Market The target market for this campaign is the people who are involve in the drink and drive activities. The focus of Coca-Cola Amatil is to found out such people who are promoting such actives and also involved. They have to do the research and market survey for the same to find out and target to those people. The research and development department of the company Coca-Cola Amatil helped out in the research part (Witte, Allen, 2000). The target market can be other people related to those who drink a lot while driving. They can be the family members, friends and other people. This can be done through motivating the people related to such individuals who can give information and remove this habit of drink and drive (Maignan, Ferrell, Ferrell, 2005). Type of behavior Coca-Cola Amatil wants to create The Type of behavior Coca-Cola Amatil wants to create is that there must be no accident takes place on the roads of Australia due to drink and drive; this is the main motive f the company to promote safe driving habits among the people of Australia. This can be achieved only when the campaign started by Coca-Cola Amatil becomes successful and people started to follow the road safety rules (Margolis, Walsh, 2003). The benefits of such behaviors by Coca-Cola Amatil Coca-Cola Amatil is promoting many campaigns that support that drink and drive is not safe. They also merged with the departments of transportation of Australia to keep the records of number of accident takes place due to drink and drive. The tagline of the campaign includes: "Drinking Driving Can Kill a Friendship" and "Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk." The number of accidents takes place on the roads due to drink and drive will decrease (Van den Bulte, Lilien, 2001). The people become more aware for their lives and other people lives related to them. The consumption of alcohol and drugs become less. People will start taking care of their lives and health (Aguinis, Glavas, 2012). Messages used by Coca-Cola Amatil We must discourage drug, drink driving and also the use of mobile phones must be prohibited while driving (Pealoza, Venkatesh, 2006). "Drinking Driving Can Kill a Friendship" and "Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk." Dont drink and drive Stay alive dont drink and drive (Wilkie, Moore, 2003) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the campaign The effectiveness of the campaign can be evaluated through We can ask from the Police about the rate of accidents takes place due to drink and drive (Carrigan, Attalla, 2001). We can also from the Hospitals that how many patients are admitted Coca-Cola Amatil can ask to the Research development department to gather the information and data regarding the accident (Sheth, Parvatiyar, 2002) Feedback can be gathered from the local people Check out through patrolling (Vaaland, Heide, Grnhaug, 2008) Conclusion The main aim of this campaign by Coca-Cola Amatil is to promote the awareness about "dont drink during drive "campaign. The company is very much encouraged and wants to promote alcoholic free driving. The aim of this report is to promote the ways that many companies that are either government or non-government companies can adopt to promote such positive factors to the societies. This can also help them in promotion of their own goods and services. It is the best way to have sustainable growth in the company. Through this report, the company Coca-Cola Amatil wants to aware the youth of Australia that lives of people are very important that is not only for them but also for the other people who loves them. In this way, this study will help to promote the cause of the safe driving to the people who are indulging in drinking habits. Drugs and mobile phones are the second cause due to which the road accidents take place. So the companys other focus is to remove the use of drugs and mobile phones while driving. References Aguinis, H., Glavas, A. (2012). What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility a review and research agenda. Journal of management, 38(4), 932-968. Andreasen, A. R. (2002). Marketing social marketing in the social change marketplace. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 21(1), 3-13. Andreasen, A. R. (2003). The life trajectory of social marketing: some implications. Marketing Theory, 3(3), 293-303. Carrigan, M., Attalla, A. (2001). The myth of the ethical consumerdo ethics matter in purchase behaviour?. Journal of consumer marketing, 18(7), 560-578. Kelly, K. J., Edwards, R. W., Comello, M. L. G., Plested, B. A., Thurman, P. J., Slater, M. D. (2003). The Community Readiness Model: A complementary approach to social marketing. Marketing theory, 3(4), 411-426. King, G. (2011). Ensuring the data-rich future of the social sciences. science, 331(6018), 719-721. Maignan, I., Ferrell, O. C., Ferrell, L. (2005). A stakeholder model for implementing social responsibility in marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 39(9/10), 956-977. Margolis, J. D., Walsh, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative science quarterly, 48(2), 268-305. Peloza, J. (2009). The challenge of measuring financial impacts from investments in corporate social performance. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1518-1541. Pealoza, L., Venkatesh, A. (2006). Further evolving the new dominant logic of marketing: from services to the social construction of markets. Marketing theory, 6(3), 299-316. Priem, J., Hemminger, B. H. (2010). Scientometrics 2.0: New metrics of scholarly impact on the social Web. First Monday, 15(7). Schultz, P. W., Nolan, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., Griskevicius, V. (2007). The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychological science, 18(5), 429-434. Sheth, J. N., Parvatiyar, A. (2002). Evolving relationship marketing into a discipline. Journal of relationship marketing, 1(1), 3-16. Sigala, M. (2010). Web 2.0, social marketing strategies and distribution channels for city destinations: Enhancing the participatory role of travelers and exploiting their collective intelligence. In Social Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1280-1304). IGI Global. Vaaland, T. I., Heide, M., Grnhaug, K. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: investigating theory and research in the marketing context. European Journal of Marketing, 42(9/10), 927-953. Van den Bulte, C., Lilien, G. L. (2001). Medical Innovation Revisited: Social Contagion versus Marketing Effort 1. American Journal of Sociology, 106(5), 1409-1435. Vogel, D. J. (2005). Is there a market for virtue? The business case for corporate social responsibility. California management review, 47(4), 19-45. Weitzer, R. (2007). The social construction of sex trafficking: Ideology and institutionalization of a moral crusade. Politics Society, 35(3), 447-475. Wilkie, W. L., Moore, E. S. (2003). Scholarly research in marketing: Exploring the 4 eras of thought development. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 22(2), 116-146. Witte, K., Allen, M. (2000). A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns. Health education behavior, 27(5), 591-615. Wymer, W. (2011). Developing more effective social marketing strategies. Journal of Social Marketing, 1(1), 17-31.

Technology Is Helpful Student or Harmful Student free essay sample

The first technology in the world was fire and tools. People of the Stone Age did not have the luxury of turning on the TV and watching the news, texting on the phone and playing video games at the computer. Living in the Computer- Driven Information Age, we don’t necessarily think of fire or tools as technologies. So we learning how to use fire were the human development’s first try in the world. (From http://www. ushistory. org/civ/2d. asp) Many people have many opinions about technology. Is it helpful or harmful to students? Technology helps student have good work at school. But technology can made student not pay attention at classes, too. All the things have double-sides. How do you think? Technology becomes a big part to our lives every day and everywhere in the world. Technology can help people or harmful to people. Many students are using computer in classes, on home doing homework. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Is Helpful Student or Harmful Student or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Student can learn language faster and easier in the Internet. It’s very helpful for the student. Technology makes all students have a good brain, but many people think have some student using computer more than sleeping time. Some students are watching TV, texting on the phone and using Facebook at the same time. Scientists said technology made students forget learning from yesterday. I disagree. Technology can make everyone have fun, learn faster. Technology is the good for students. First, Technology makes students learn English in small villages. On February 1st 2012, a group called One Laptop Per Child carried 20 table computers to WenChi, Ethiopia. Many children at the village can’t go to school. They are very lucky. They used table computers to learn English. They think learning and reading English is very important. Table computer make it fast to learning English, even though computers are not the same as the English teacher. So they learn very hard. Technology helps student in many things. Second, Technology makes it easier for students to read and write. On March 2nd 2012, Apple said the new electronic textbooks will help students. Many school use IPad in class now. It’s easy to carry. Students can use textbooks to solve math problems and off’s easier to student class work to the teacher on time. Its make sense for the student. But Ipad textbook is very expensive, so not every student can have one. We hope they can lower the price. To sum up, IPad is helping students to learn shows us. Technology is not bad. Third, Technology lets students have fun while learning. Many school use Smart Board in class. In my class, we play games, watch CNN news and Brainpop, read the Achieve 3000 on the computer. Achieve 3000 can improve our reading and writing. It’s fun. However, many people think technology is harmful for the students. Because many students lose their mind for the game world. I’ve read about a student called Ben Alexander who gets up early every day in order to spend all the time to play computer games at home. The game is called World of Warcaft. I think we all know about this game. It’s the big game over the world. He can’t stop playing computer games and using the internet. He is only 19. I am very shocked for him. He can’t have good grades at school. It’s impossible for him. So he is looking some ways can stop play games. Later he found the Internet Addiction Program. This program is helping many people to leave the internet and games. It‘s very helpful for the students. I like it. If your children are spending too much time playing computer games, they may not get enough social interaction at home on outside. Students would lose proper communication skills with the teacher and classmates at school. If students choose the right educational computer games, they will learn some problem-solving skills, improve attention and can practice eye- hand coordination. If you have been playing games for a long time, you can stand up, watch the blue sky can rest your eyes for a few minutes. Finally, many things all have bad points and good points, and this includes technology. Although technology is fun, technology can be dangerous. Scientists think many students who like to use cell phone and play games before sleeping will not remember what they learn yesterday. They lose the memories. This is very terrible. However the benefits of the technologies in the classroom are far more than the harmful effects.

I vs. Me

I vs. Me I vs. Me I vs. Me By Maeve Maddox Some personal pronouns have two forms, one that is used as the subject of a verb and one that is used as the object of a verb or preposition. Subject forms: I, he, she, we, they My sister and I live in Texas. We raise chickens. (subject forms) Jack and she moved to Paris. They love it there. (subject forms) Object forms: me, him, her, us, them Mary gave me your address. (indirect object of a verb) The neighbors invited my wife and me to dinner. (object of a verb) We met him at the movies. We met her there too. We like them. (objects of a verbs) Jack writes to him every day. We went with them. (objects of prepositions) Presumably, these distinctions are taught to children in school. Supposedly, teachers and other school personnel model this usage to the students. Yet this is what we hear all around us: â€Å"Me and my friends went to Miami.† â€Å"The Governor invited my wife and I to dinner.† Those of us who know and care that I is a subject word and me is an object word react to such usage with feelings–if not cries–of outrage, but they continue. Actors portraying psychologists, FBI agents, and medical examiners declare, â€Å"Me and my colleagues interviewed the suspect.† â€Å"Him and his girlfriend were seen on the balcony.† â€Å"Make a reservation for Megan and I.† Don’t the actors know better even if the scriptwriters are semi-literate? The answer may well be that both actors and scriptwriters â€Å"know better,† but don’t care. They may desire to speak in a nonstandard way to show their freedom from what they regard as stuffy rule-following convention. On the other hand, they may not â€Å"know better.† They may genuinely believe that it’s correct to use Me as a subject and I as an object in a compound, even though they would never use them that way when the subject or object is not a compound. With grammatical constructions–as with Big Lies–if we hear them often enough, they will eventually â€Å"sound right.† Language changes inexorably from generation to generation. Pronouns alter more slowly than any other part of speech, but they do change. English once had three pronoun numbers: singular, dual, and plural. We lost the dual form early on. The singular second person pronoun thou and its forms thee, thy and thine dropped out of popular speech in the 16th century. (The Quakers retained some of the usage.) The second person plural went through some changes before settling on you for both singular and plural. Before you won as the all-purpose second person pronoun, ye was the subject form and you was the object form. The distinction was still being observed in the KJV translation of the Bible, but in popular speech, ye and you were becoming muddled: No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you. 1611 translation of Job 12:2 A southwest wind blow on ye And blister you all over! Shakespeare’s The Tempest, c.1611. As painful as the thought is to those of us who care, the mix-up of me and I in compound subjects and objects may become the norm. What do you think? Is there any way to reverse the trend? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Cannot or Can Not?Sentence Adverbs

A History of the Oreo Cookie

A History of the Oreo Cookie Most of us have grown up with Oreo cookies. There are photos of us with chocolatey remnants smeared across our faces. Theyve caused great disputes as to the best way to eat them- dunking them in milk or twisting off one side and eating the middle first. Besides eating them plain, there are recipes galore on how to use Oreos in cakes, milkshakes, and additional desserts. At some festivals, you can even try deep-fried Oreos. Needless to say, Oreos have become part of the twentieth-century culture. While most of us have spent a lifetime cherishing Oreo cookies, many dont know that since their introduction in 1912, the Oreo cookie has become the best-selling cookie in the United States. Oreos Are Introduced In 1898, several baking companies merged to form the National Biscuit Company (Nabisco), the maker of Oreo cookies. By 1902, Nabisco created Barnums Animal cookies and made them famous by selling them in a little box designed like a cage with a string attached (to hang on Christmas trees). In 1912, Nabisco had a new idea for a cookie- two chocolate disks with a creme filling in between. The first Oreo cookie looked very similar to the Oreo cookie of today, with only a slight difference in the design of the chocolate disks. The current design, however, has been around since 1952. Nabisco made sure to file for a trademark on their new cookie on March 14, 1912, being granted registration number  0093009 on August 12, 1913. Changes The shape and design of the Oreo cookie didnt change much until Nabisco began selling various versions of the cookie. In 1975, Nabisco released their DOUBLE STUF Oreos. Nabisco continued to create variations: 1987 Fudge covered Oreos introduced1991 Halloween Oreos introduced1995 Christmas Oreos introduced The delicious interior filling was created by Nabiscos principal scientist,  Sam Porcello, who is often referred to as Mr. Oreo. Porcello is also responsible for creating chocolate-covered Oreos. The Mysterious Name When the cookie was first introduced in 1912, it appeared as an Oreo Biscuit, which changed in 1921 to Oreo Sandwich. There was another name change in 1937 to Oreo Creme Sandwich before the modern name was decided upon in 1974: Oreo Chocolate Sandwich Cookie. Despite the official name changes, most people have referred to the cookie simply as an Oreo. So where did the name Oreo come from? The people at Nabisco arent quite sure. Some believe that the cookies name was taken from the French word for gold, or (the main color on early Oreo packages). Others claim the name stemmed from the shape of a hill-shaped test version; thus naming the cookie in Greek for a mountain, oreo. Still, others believe the name is a combination of taking the re from cream and placing it between the two o-shapes  in chocolate- making o-re-o. And still, others believe that the cookie was named Oreo because it was short and easy to pronounce. No matter how it got named, over 362 billion Oreo cookies have been sold since it was first introduced in 1912, making it the best selling cookie of the 20th century.

Minorities in the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minorities in the Media - Essay Example The act of seeking out revenge by harming an entire classification of people simply because they have been stereotyped is a major depiction of ignorance and responsible for a vicious cycle of hatred to formulate. This is where the movie American History X comes in. The purpose of the story is to realize that racial hatred does not accomplish anything except create more hate. The director and writer of this movie accomplish their purpose through character development, the targeted audience, and cinematography. Character development best helps to accomplish the purpose of the movie. The most developed characters in this film are Derek and Danny. Derek’s character is full of racial hatred and plays as a leader of a neo-Nazi group in Venice Beach, California at the beginning of the movie. â€Å"Based on this traumatic incident and an underlying climate of subtle racism, the elder son, Derek, focuses his rage on the minority community and becomes a racist agitator† (McKenna, 1999). Derek preaches to young skinheads about his beliefs of the American society and how minority groups are corrupting the society and wasting taxpayer’s money. Derek shows great hate towards minority groups mostly because of the fact that his father had been murdered by a black man. American History X is clearly a film dealing with the social topic of racism. The most interesting aspect of this movie is the way in which the subject unfolds. First of all, it is quiet obvious how difficult a subject that racism is to portray and effectively depict. However American History X presents the subject without any qualms and a unique clarity. Secondly the film’s main figurehead for racism, which is portrayed by Derek Vinyard (Edward Norton), is not an unintelligent redneck racist as most films usually portray anyone adopting such notions to be, but he is in fact a intelligent, eloquent, charming and bright man despite the fact that he clearly holds ideals which are terribl y wrong and confused. Finally, the film also shows that it is not only the white, neo-nazi racists who are fools for being involved in situations like these and adopt a lifestyle central on these stereotypes, but it is all those who hold hatred in their hearts. Through these methods, the film beautifully instills this idea upon the viewer, in an extremely compelling way, that hatred and racism will destroy a person and those who are closest to them. The intense realism that the movie portrays as far as the execution of the incidents is concerned is most impressive with no holds expelled of the intense racial hatred. As we go back to the starting of the movie when Derek figures that some black guys were trying to steal or wreck his truck he immediately grabs a gun, and shoots one of them, wounds another, and fires at the third as he gets away. It was then that one of the most brutal scenes in film history is shown in the way Derek forces the wounded man to put his face on the curb an d kicks the back of his head, smashing the mans skull. It is this scene that is such a perfect example of cumulative causation. This is because it depicts the endless circle of hate between both parties involved. For example, the young black men were acting out this way simply because they had been disgraced by the white male in the local basketball game; therefore, they go up to damage the white males care, which in turn leads to Derek shooting the young black men. This is a vicious circle with no seeming end. The strength that

Pure Competition paper MICROECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pure Competition paper MICROECONOMY - Essay Example For this reason therefore the hotel market is pure competitive. One of the characteristics of pure competition is that there are many buyers and sellers in the market, this also includes the fact that the buyers are willing to buy products at a given price and that the producers are willing to supply products at a given produce. The hotel business has several suppliers or firms which include red roof inn, red carpet inn, Knight inn, Travelodge hotel, day inn and Econo lodge, it is also evident that their continued operation over the years means that buyers are willing to buy their at a given price. On prices in a competitive market the prices are determined by the level of demand and supply, when demand increases then prices also increase and when the supply declines then prices are expected to increase, also that in the long run the market is at equilibrium, for this reason therefore the hotel market is characterised by the determination of prices by market forces and therefore we conclude that is fulfils one of the conditions of a competitive market. In pure competition there are no barriers to entry, for our case the hotel market is characterised by free entry and exit by firms and this is evident from the large number of firms in the industry and the lack of regulations by government to restrict entry into the hotel

Evaluation of the play Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of the play Blood Brothers Essay Thomas Hardy suggests that in the mid-ninteenth century women were limited in their choice of jobs. Factory work was available in some areas but this meant working long, tiresome hours. They could also work for the rich, but for very little money. The term used for a woman who makes dresses is a seamstress. They spent their lives sewing for the rich ladies who wore smart dresses. In Far From the Madding Crowd the main character Bathsheba is the proud owner of her inherited farm. She has maids, farm workers and shepherds working for her. She spends long hours of the day working in fields. She is a fortunate woman, very popular among the men but who clearly is unsure about life /love. Her character is affluent and enjoys a privileged lifestyle. In Wessex where the book was set it is very traditional, old fashioned (even some parts are today). The rural setting makes it relate to what the scenery was like, and enhances the atmosphere. At the time this book was written, health standards were very poor and there was no birth control. Illness was common, and people often had to cope for themselves. A woman was considered lucky if she was rich enough to employ a maid to care for her. There were no injections to prevent people against tetanus, common among farm workers. (It occurs when dirt is passed through a wound with a risk of getting paralysed) Nowadays we have modern medicine and equipment and highly trained doctors. Unlike men, woman had many limitations. If a party/ festival was being held all the women were obliged to leave the room, while the men drank. But Hardy shows a different stereotype to the one most women were accustomed to at that time- Bathsheba, instead of leaving the room quietly and without protestation, she leaves indignantly, having complained to her husband about the amount of alcohol that was offered- dont give it to them. This shows she was more independent than other women of her day. Women were expected to cook mostly and were frequently bossed around by their husbands (male domination) this has held a topic of sexism to woman today. In the Victorian times, women were expected to dress respectively. Evan if a woman showed a small amount of her ankle it was though of as blasphemous and unpleasant! Woman wore long dresses, bonnets and covered their arms up. Obviously a rich person would have a more fancy-detailed dress than a poor person. People though that woman were not equal to men because men were stronger and protector. Women were quoted as feeble and timid. Woman could vote very little and there was very little education for them. One thing I picked up on was that in the book when Troy was performing in the circus among the other men, there were no woman performing. This was against the rules and the circus would have needed strong performers, which were not, in their eyes woman. The workhouse was a place in which many poor/old people ended their days. But the workhouse was also for young people too. Fanny was one who died in the workhouse after giving birth. People would work and pray throughout the day. They had a regime but they were also allowed to relax and have free time to do what they wanted. It was thought that religion would help the poor to overcome their laziness, fecklessness and drunkenness. Even school lessons for children revolved around the Bible. There were foundation orphanages for children where they were treated with great care. This option was for woman who could not look after their children or were ill/having problems etc. This option would have done Fanny help, if she hadnt had died. From reading the book, and observing the film I have seen in depth that life then, is extremely different from today and what woman could and couldnt do. Men could do far more and seemed to get more out of life than woman. Troy was often seen doing much more than Bathsehba?

Essay --

The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was one of the most devastating times in the history of the United States of America, it plagued each city and town with starvation, homelessness and even suicide. The twenties were truly a tough time for the US and all of its citizens. The Roaring Twenties, the decade that came after World War I and inevitably led to the Wall Street Crash, came in a time where money and wealth were prevalent. Coming after the war, the United States had great confidence, a large amount of Americans who lived in secluded areas or small towns moved to the big cities to promote an industrial living style in the United States. While the American cities flourished and blossomed into the greatest places on earth,the amount of people who moved to the big cities left the agricultural ways of the US in the dust, leaving the farmers in economic shock, making agriculture the main reason for a major loss of money in the US. This happened throughout the decade and would later be blam ed as one the main factors that led to the 1929 stock market crash. Over the weekend of October 26th and 27th , the activity of the Stock Market was known and read all across the United States. On October 28, "Black Monday", a huge amount of investors decided to abandon the stock market in order to maintain their personal wealth, and the downfall erupted with a record loss in Dow Jones Industrial for the day of 38.33 points, or 13%.(Galbraith 47) The next day, "Black Tuesday", October 29, 1929, about sixteen million shares were traded, and Dow Jones lost an additional 30 points, or 12%, talk flurried that U.S. President Herbert Hoover would not veto the pending Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act. The volume of stocks traded in order to maintain wealth or at... ...usinessmen in 1932 when things were just about at their worst. Squalid cardboard campsites were created in cities to live in...called "Hoovervilles". The nick-name of the soup given out by charities for the unemployed was "Hoover stew". However, Hoover did do some good. Money was used to create jobs to build things such as the Hoover Dam. In 1932 he gave $300 million to the states to help the unemployed (Emergency Relief and Reconstruction Act) but it had little impact as states run by the Republicans believed in "rugged individualism" more than Hoover did and they used only $30 million of the money offered to them. Which seems backwards, but they stood behind what they believed in and it ended out fine. The stock market crash of 1929 was the most significant crash in U.S. history. Although the crash itself only lasted four days, it led to a catastrophic sell-off.

How does Angela Carter reinterpret Gothic Conventions Essay

Angela Carter reinterprets Gothic Conventions in both ‘The Tigers Bride’, and ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon. ’ These reinterpreted gothic conventions are not merely used by Angela Carter to shock the reader, (typical of the Gothic), but additionally to add a sub-genre. This is clearly the case in both ‘The Tigers Bride’ and ‘Courtship of Mr Lyon’ as the feminist and Marxist message is provided by the subversion of the genre. For instance, in a conventional gothic novel the female is stereotypically either the â€Å"trembling victim† or â€Å"predator. † In other cases, women remain absent from the Gothic novel all together. However, in both of these short stories from Angela Carters collection ‘The Bloody Chamber,’ this gender role is subverted so the male becomes the victim. This is particularly evident in ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon’ where Mr Lyon takes the role of the desperate women locked away, needing to be saved. Mr Lyon claims to be â€Å"dying† because Beauty left â€Å"because you left me. † The state of the lion is covered in the description with imagery of death and decay; â€Å"dead† flowers, â€Å"groaning† hinges, and â€Å"drifting cobwebs. † Beauty therefore takes the role of the male protagonist. There is a mention of otherness as Beauty found My Lyons â€Å"bewildering difference intolerable,† whereas, conventionally, the male was the norm and the female the other. Furthermore, in ‘The Tigers Bride’ conventional gothic gender stereotypes are also played with as Beauty breaks out of patriarchal society by rejecting her â€Å"clockwork twin† and taking the form of an animal â€Å"beautiful fur. † Carter uses the gothic conventional symbol of animals but in an alternate way. In both stories she puts animals on a higher level than man for their more moral qualities. The beast for instance is juxtaposed against her farther in ‘The Tigers Bride’ as he is the poor protector who â€Å"bartered,† and lost his â€Å"treasure† (again, objectifying women. ) The use of animals again explores a feminist message, as Carter believed that like animals, females were regarded as soulless. However, in both texts Carter also holds onto many of the stereotypical gender gothic conventions. For example the reference to Beauty as â€Å"Miss Lamb† in ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon’ and also the mention of the lamb in ‘The Tigers Bride’ â€Å"Lion lies down with the lamb. ’ Furthermore, in both stories Beauty is objectified and the property of her farther, this is introduced immediately in ‘The Tigers Bride’, â€Å"my farther lost me to the Beast at cards. † The female here is clearly still a victim. In regard to setting, Carter does comply with many of the conventional gothic associations. In both ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon’ and ‘The Tigers Bride’ the home of the Beast is regarded as the ‘isolated castle. ’ However, there is a difference in the habitats of Mr Lyon and Beauty in ‘The courtship of Mr Lyon’ as conventionally the male protagonist is associated with the city with unmoral behaviour, and the female is associated with the pastoral country. This enables Carter to add a message that both man and women need to combine both feminine and masculine qualities to be happy. Another example where Carter subverts the genre using the setting is in the stereotypical class of gothic. Conventionally, the gothic was focused mainly on aristocracy. Whereas, in both short stories Beauty is poor, for instance in ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon’ her farther refers to his lost riches â€Å"how rich again I may once again be. † This conveys a Marxist reference, which is hinted at again â€Å"all of the world he knew need not necessarily apply. † Gothic symbolism is also reinterpreted in both novels. The reference to the â€Å"white rose† is a widely recognised gothic symbol and is featured in both short storied. However, besides symbolising the innocence of women and their purity, it could also symbolise freedom and salvation, much like a ‘white flag’ as both Beauty’s try to escape patriarchal society. Carter additionally subverts the supernatural. For instance in ‘The Tigers Bride,† despite inter-textuality with ‘Beauty and the Beast’ it is beauty who must transform into the Beast, as he licks her skin off revealing a nascent patina of shining hairs. The sole purpose of this, however, in not purely to shock the reader. Beauty is removing any human elements from herself, giving her, allowing her to break away from society and its limitations on women.

Haidilao Touchpoint Essay

Haidilao is an emerging restaurant brand in China. I like it because it brings me delightful dining experience. When I am waiting for a table in the restaurant, the waiters will bring me some free food, and it also offers free nail art service for women and free shoeshine service for men. When I am ordering dishes, the waiter will even remind me how much food is enough for how many people. So every time I go there, I feel respected and delighted. Touch points: 1. Service and price: Haidilao is famous for its high-end service and ordinary price. In essence, it applies the excellent customer service in hotel industry to a hot pot restaurant. When customers are waiting for a table, it offers tea, food, nail art and shoeshine service for free. When customers sit down, the waiters will bring some hair bands, aprons, phone shells, hot towel and so on. There are even cosmetics and hand cream in the bathroom. Although most people won’t use the cosmetics, it still shows how considerate the company is. Many people call this abnormal service because it lets people fully feel the customer is God. 2. Food: Haidilao offers authentic Sichuan hot pot. The dishes are clean, fresh, and customers can even order half of a dish. They can also make their own sauce with the ingredients offered by Haidilao. 3. Employee: The waiters are very passionate. They always wear a smile on their face. They care about customers from the bottom of their heart. As I just mentioned, when you order too many dishes, they will remind you. 4. Culture: The culture of the Haidilao company is people-oriented and customer first. Many companies only think about how to satisfy their customers while neglect how to satisfy their employees. However, Haidilao cares about its employees very much. Although its workforce is mostly composed of young employees born in underdeveloped suburban areas, the CEO treats them like family members. Therefore, they are enthused and motivated to deliver extraordinary service to customers creatively. 5. Word of mouth: Haidilao is a hot topic in China. Many people post their experience in Haidilao online and there are many bewildering stories you can’t imagine, which makes people who haven’t been there more curious about it. 6. Media: Haidilao doesn’t do any advertising, but many media report the story of Haidilao because of the founder’s unique entrepreneurial values and compares it with Foxconn, which also increases its popularity.

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example The Taming of the Shrew Paper The Taming of the Shrew Paper Essay Topic: The Taming Of the Shrew In this essay I will thoroughly discuss the treatment of women in the film The Taming of the Shrew. I would have to say that my first impression of women in this film was that they where treated very harshly compared to men, they where treated like mens possessions; like slaves basically. They would have no money and also they were not allowed to decide who they wanted to marry, it was their fathers decision. Compared to men, they where the superior people. They ordered women and treated them like slaves. However, after a close analysis of Kates final speech my opinions changed dramatically towards the treatment of women in The Taming of the shrew. I think this because Kate in her final speech changes vividly as she lectures all the women how to treat their husbands. I will go through thorough analysis of Kates final speech later in this essay. In Elizabethan times, men were considered to be the leaders and women their inferiors. Women were also regarded as the weaker sex, not just in terms of physical strength, but emotionally too. Furthermore, it was understood that women always needed someone to look after them. For example, if a woman was married then her husband would be excepted to look after her but if she was single, then her father or brother was expected to take care of her. Women were also not allowed to go through many professions i.e. medicine, law and politics, but they were allowed to work as maids or they could work in domestic service as cooks. Moreover, a good women in Elizabethan times was described as virgin, patient, gentle and quiet. A good women was also virtuous, pretty, shy, holy and had respect for her husband. However, a bad women was considered to be annoying, loud, excessive and ugly. A bad women would also be on that talks too much, one that is unholy, promiscuous and had no respect for her husband. Bad women where often described as the cabinet of horror, scream of an owl or the claw of a crocodile. A good example of this would be Kate in the start of this story. Shakespeare shows how women were mistreated in the scenes. For example, in Act 1 Scene 2, Petruchio explains that hes only in Padua to find a wealthy wife. He doesnt care what shes like, or who she is, as long as she has money. This shows us that men only wanted women for their wealth but not for their personality. This also gives us the impression that when men marry a wealthy women they would not really take care of her, they would only care about the money. This also hints out that women were treated as slaves. Furthermore, in Act 3 Scene 2, Petruchio shows up to the wedding late and in scruffy clothes to embarrass Katherina and which makes her extremely upset. She gets even more upset when he forces and tells her to leave the reception early to go back to his house. There was a storm during their journey home and Kate falls in the mud but Petruchio didnt help her at all. This proves to us that again women where mistreated in Elizabethan times. Another example would be in, Act 1 Scene 1; Baptista declares that his youngest daughter may not be wooed until his eldest daughter finds a husband. This shows that women were dominated by the men in their life, and had no control over who they could marry. Similarly, in Act 2 Scene 1, Gremio and Tranio meet with Baptista to try to buy Bianca. Each man lists his wealth and titles, and the man with the most money gets to marry Bianca. However, I think that Shakespeare was pointing out that such poor treatment of women is a bad thing, because he portrays Baptista, Gremio and even Tranio as being selfish or callous. He also makes reference to the fact that a man must win a womans love, rather than just her dowry, in order to have a true marriage. Therefore, Shakespeare is portraying women in a positive light by criticizing their poor treatment. On the same note, Shakespeare portrays women in a positive light by showing how a women can change another womans mind into making her respect her husband. For example, in Act 3 Scene 5, Kate speaks up for herself, and for women everywhere, saying that she has a voice. I think this show women in a positive manner because Kate gives a long speech advocating the loyalty of wives to their husbands. When the three new husbands stage a contest to see which of their wives will obey first when summoned, everyone expects Lucentio to win. Bianca, however, sends a message back refusing to obey, while Katherina comes immediately. So this shows that Kate had accepted the society view of how a woman should behave, and that she had also changed dramatically from being a Shrew to a patient, gentle and quiet person. The opening lines of Kates speech inform women to respect their husbands, then she continues by saying And dart not scornful glances from those eyes, to wound thy lord, thy king, thy governor. Here, Katherina is trying to illustrate to the women that they should not give hateful glances from their eyes, and also not to harm the lord, the king, the governor. Furthermore, as the speech goes on Kate clarifies that women are generally upset by there men because of their treatment and that the women have feelings of how they are taken care of and are very saddened about that. The relationship between men and women is terrible because men are classed as superior and women as the weaker sex.

Ask the Right College Tour Questions

Ask the Right College Tour Questions College tours are excellent things. Your perky tour guide will show you all the campus landmarks, spout the important stats and answer any questions. So dont waste time asking frequently asked questions - FAQs are on the universitys website. Instead, ask questions that speak to your childs particular interests and concerns, the ones about real student experiences. Its best if your child, rather than you, puts together a list of questions that are important to him and does the asking, but if every teen on the tour is afflicted with a shyness attack, go ahead and get the ball rolling. Here are a few questions to get you started, whether youre on campus for a regular tour or Admit Day. Dont ask about average class size - its a slippery statistic that averages gargantuan lectures with tiny senior seminars. Ask your tour guide about the size of his freshman year classes.Is this a commuter college or do students hang around on the weekend? What did your tour guide do last weekend? And the weekend before that? How often do he and his friends go home?Whats the best class or most inspiring professor your tour guide ever had? Why? How well does he know his professors, and how did that happen?Whats the most impossible class to get into on campus? Why? Is it because the class and the professor are so darn wonderful, or because its difficult to get the classes your child will need? Does that vary by major?Who helps your child choose classes? Does he have the same faculty adviser for all four years? Or does a peer adviser - a sophomore or junior, for example - help him register the first time and then hes on his own?What are the general education requirements - the GEs requir ed for graduation? For some reason, tour guides think GEs are the same on every campus. They are most emphatically not. Some schools require five humanities, five lab science, and three math classes, beginning with calculus. Others require one of each, plus a world religions class. The differences can be a deal breaker for your child. Why did your tour guide pick this school? What other schools did he consider? What does he wish hed known then that he knows now?What are the biggest campus traditions? Does everyone go to the football or basketball games?What percentage of students go Greek? Are the fraternities and sororities residential or social only? When is rush and what’s it like?How difficult is it to find housing? On some campuses, frats and sororities are a big deal because its so difficult to get into the dorms. Did your tour guide live in a dorm freshman year? Which one? Which one does he like best?What was the most difficult thing to get used to here? (A University of Puget Sound guide admitted it was the grey, drizzly weather, then rallied valiantly to say, â€Å"But it makes the sunny days seem all the sunnier!† Weather is a huge issue for many students.)Where does your tour guide study - in his room, the library, another favorite spot? How many hours a day does he study?Whats the favored campus hangout? How about off-campus (best pizza, coffee house, etc.)? If your child has health issues, youll want to ask questions about those concerns, of course. But everyone needs to ask what happens if a student has appendicitis or another health emergency - is there a hospital on campus or does campus security take you to a nearby hospital?Ask about academic support. Every campus has facilities to help students with learning disabilities, but most have tutoring help for anyone who needs it. What form does that take? Peer tutors or faculty support? Math and writing learning centers staffed 24/7? No matter how brilliant your child was in high school, he may be unhappily surprised by the higher expectations of college professors.Ask about the college career center and internship opportunities – and don’t be fooled by â€Å"the college encourages†¦Ã¢â‚¬  answers. Internships are an essential, often overlooked way to test drive career paths and start building a resume long before graduation. Some schools have extensive internship o pportunities. Some even require a certain number of internship hours. Others post opportunities in their career center but dont particularly solicit them. Ask about study abroad opportunities too. Nearly every college has some sort of international study program, but some majors are not conducive to study abroad - not if you want your child to graduate in four years, anyway. Some schools run their own satellite campus in a foreign country, so your child would be studying with University of Redlands faculty, for example, in Salzburg. Others tap into foreign university programs. (Do not be impressed by promises that a year abroad will cost no more than a regular year at your expensive private school or that the college will apply your scholarship to those months. All private colleges say that. State schools simply charge you whatever the international program charges. Hint: its not $45,000.)

US Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

US Economy - Essay Example The economy of the United States in the past few years has gone through a major slump. This slump has been seen through their real estate crisis, rise in unemployment rates, and their reduced competitiveness in the global economic setting.This economic crisis was not helped by the matching economic crisis felt in other western nations as well, such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and similar developed nations. In so many ways, this crisis has been a result of the rise in oil prices which has affected the general prices of commodities and the transport of people and goods from one place to another. Much analysis is needed in order to fully comprehend the US economic crisis. This paper shall now analyze, compare, contrast the economic growth, unemployment, and inflation rates in the United States. This paper is being conducted in order to establish a dynamic and academic understanding of the topic, as well as its implications to the country’s progress. Discussion The US remains to be the world’s largest economy. Based on the CIA Factbook, their 2007 GDP was at $13.84 trillion which represents three times the size of the next largest economy which is Japan at $4.4 trillion (Economy Watch). With the creation of the European Union however, the dominance of the US was reduced with the European market presenting an equivalent of $13 trillion. The growth of the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) has also threatened the US global dominance with China forecast to overtake the US in size in the next 30 years (Economy Watch). These are imposing threats on the US economy which have also been plagued by the housing crisis. The failure of the US housing and credit markets caused a major slowdown in the US economy with the 2007 GDP growth being 2.2%, plunging down to 0.9% in 2008. This represents a significant decrease in the GDP when the 10 year average was at 2.8% (Economy Watch). Similar to developed nations, services have been considered an impo rtant element of the US economy. In 2007, services comprised 78.5% of the GDP, the industry represented 20.5% and agriculture represented less than 1% (Economy Watch). About two thirds of the country’s total production has been dictated by personal consumption. And even as it is an economy which is considered free market, government regulations still protect some aspects of their economy like energy and agriculture (Economy Watch). In any case, it can instead be considered a consumer economy. As the largest economy in the world, the US consumer dictates about two thirds of the economy and is a major driver in the global market (Economy Watch). It is also driven by the basic interplay of supply and demand which dictates the prices of goods and services. The impact of the government in the US economy is important in terms of monetary decision making and fiscal policy conceptualization. The federal government considers all the possible initiatives in order to guarantee the growt h of the US (Economy Watch). The US government considers all economic tools, including money supply, taxes, and credit control in order to make the corresponding adjustments in economic growth. During such considerations, the US federal government has also been tasked to regulate the operations of private business concerns in order to control monopolies (Economy Watch). The government provides different services by giving support for national defense, monetary aid for research and development programs (Economy Watch). The national debt is one of the most controversial issues in the US. In 2008, its federal debt was at $9.2 trillion. This represents 67% of GDP and is about $79,000 for each American taxpayer (Economy Watch). American consumers have also become dependent on debt and re-mortgaging to higher loans while using their extra cash to fund their high purchases. Their debt totals are one of the largest in the world; however in terms of GDP percentages, it is still less than Jap an and other European countries. Moreover, much of the debt is

John Lewis new product 4p's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

John Lewis new product 4p's - Essay Example John Lewis has come up with one of the interesting range of products in the children department and one of their latest hits seems to be that of Childtablet (Barker and Angelopulo, 2005). In this paper, let us see the marketing strategy that can be used in order to promote the product Childtablet in the market. Any marketing strategy has Four Ps as their crux based on which all of the marketing activities are carried out. According to Baker and Hart (2007), Product strategy is the ground for a product’s competitiveness and also the maintenance of its position in the market. John Lewis is one of the most established names not only in the UK market but has a good standing all over the world. Products from John Lewis have a competitive advantage over the other educational electronic tablets that are out there in the market. All of John Lewis kid products have done good business so far and people give importance to brand factor very much. When it comes to pricing, it is better to provide some discount offers or promotional offers in the beginning so that people will get used to the product. Once the quality of the product gets established then pricing will not be an issue. In order to gain a winning edge over the competitors, it become absolutely necessary to monitor the competitor price and provide a slightly lesser price than that. Demand and supply forms are the basic when it comes to pricing (Onkvisit S and Shaw J J 2008). As per Smith (2003), Place constitutes the most important aspect when it comes to marketing. John Lewis is a world renowned store that has more number of visitors each day thus it becomes easier to sell the Child Tablet through the outlets. Also, John Lewis has a wide spread branch of department store all over Britain and also some parts of the world. Thus the product can be market both indigenously as well as in the international market. Distributing the child tablets to places that has a good record

Intrusion Detection Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Intrusion Detection Systems - Essay Example A passive monitoring system transmits signals to the owner after a security breach by utilizing a sensor that detects any weird movement. The main advantage of a passive monitoring system is that the units can be deployed randomly minimizing the device attacks. Passive monitoring IDS cannot block suspicious signals on their own; an operator has to be available to block any potential threat. For Inline transmission, the IDS does not transmit signals to the owner rather it auto-responds to the malicious activity by reconstructing the connection to block communication from the suspicious source. The system is configured to automatically alter suspicious signals without any operation by the owner. Inline transmission IDS can block denial of service attack by flooding a system which ends up reducing frequency transmission bandwidth. The disadvantage of the inline transmission is that it has to be placed in line along a network path making it susceptible to damage. The other Inline transmission shortcoming is that the device cannot analyze if a breach was false or legitimate. Authorized users may be denied access to a premise if the alarm has not been keenly identified. Thresholds are used with IDS alerts because they add an extra advantage to the IDS in detecting any intrusion by identifying an attack in a short duration. The early detection can help the administrator to take a quick action in controlling the next breach. A number of simultaneous connections should be considered before implementing IDS. The system sensors are usually limited to the number of connections for which they can detect. Maintenance cost should also be determined because the units require staff training, software licensing as well as customization cost. The mode of transmission should also be considered before deploying and IDS. Administrators should use the active IDS rather than Passive IDS.

Autistic Spectrum Disorder And Offending Behaviour Psychology Essay

Autistic Spectrum Disorder And Offending Behaviour Psychology Essay Speculation is evident within both popular media and scientific literature regarding a possible association in the relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour. The possible presence of antisocial and criminal behaviour in a sub-sample of individuals with Asperger syndrome has been of high interest to both psychological research and the general public. The research reviewed within this study suggests that people with Autistic spectrum disorders are potentially over-represented within the criminal justice system. However an accurate prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Asperger Syndrome both within the general population and the criminal justice system is yet to be established as findings between studies are varied. It has been suggested that an individual with Autistic Spectrum disorder who has offending behaviour will be more likely to commit violent, sexual or arson-related crime however there is limited research to support this. Additionally it d oes appear that certain characteristics such as co-morbid psychiatric symptoms are important risk factors Introduction Debbaudt (2004) described how individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder are seven times more likely to experience contact with the criminal justice system than the general population. Howlin (2004) argues that the perceived link between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour can be explained by sensational media reporting. Specific stories have highlighted the Asperger syndrome status of offenders in their reports of crime. However the apparent association with offending has been generated by sensationalised, unsubstantiated in diagnostic terms , media reports. News headlines such as Autistic Boy killed baby brother, Apergers Boy locked up for Rape and A 15 year-old boy with Aspergers Syndrome ahs been locked up for an indeterminate period for raping an 8 year-old boy and photographing the attack can be extremely harmful to peoples perceptions of ASD (BBC News, 2001, BBC News, 2007a, Birmingham Post 2007). The purpose of this article is to review what literature is available relating to Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Offending Behaviour. Specifically this article will review what is meant by Autistic Spectrum Disorder, the prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder within the Criminal Justice System, prevalence of offending behaviour in offenders with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, the characteristics of Autistic Spectrum Disorder that might make individuals more vulnerable to offending and the types of crime most associated with the disorder. Additionally there will be a focus on the relevant treatment and policy implications for clinicians and support staff working with this unique population. In order to identify all known studies investigating the relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour a search was conducted of the databases Psych Info, Academic Search Complete and Google Scholar using the key terms Autis* and Crim*, Asperg* and Offen* within the parameters of 1985 to current issues. A search was also conducted regarding News and popular media sites using the key words of Autism, Asperger, offend/offending and Crime. All of the studies are organised in Table 1. Defining Autistic Spectrum Disorders Before examining prevalence rates it is important to define what is meant by Autistic Spectrum Disorder. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV) (APA, 1994) categories of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are autistic disorder, Asperger Syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). The criteria (DSM-IV) for Autistic Spectrum Disorder include a core triad of impairments. These are impairments in social interaction, social communication and social imagination including restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests and activities. There is variance in diagnostic criteria for Asperger syndrome between DSM-IV and ICD-10. The term Autistic Spectrum Disorder is widely accepted in research and literature. The idea of the autistic spectrum is clinically useful as it illustrates the variation in symptomatology both among and within each diagnostic category. This range can include mild to very severe symptoms in each of the areas of impairment that categorise Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Those on the lower functioning end of the spectrum, such as those with classic autism, may never learn to talk using words, struggle to develop or maintain meaningful relationships and have very ritualistic/obsessional behaviour. Those on the higher functioning end of the spectrum, such as those with AS may have IQ within the average range, be verbally fluent and can be capable of leading independent lives given some support. The majority of literature regarding the relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour has focused on individuals of whom have a diagnosis or show indicators of Asperger syndrome. Langstrom et al (2009) explored characteristrics associated with violent offending among individuals diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorders over a 13 year period taking information from swedish national registers. They found that criminal violence was more common among participants diagnosed with Asperger syndrome relative to participants with autistic disorder. They attributed this factor to the reasoning that those with Asperger syndrome are more likely to have unimpaired intellectual ability, better social skills. It was also concluded that those with Autistic disorder are more likely to live in supervised settings where staff or others may help to resolve conflicts or manage anger. The fact that research study examines both autistic spectrum disorder and Asperger syndrome m ake drawing conclusions and comparisons extremely difficult. Asperger syndrome is defined as a condition which has many features of Autistic Spectrum Disorder however it is displayed in persons of average or above average intelligence. Gillberg (2002) describes features such as a tendency to engage in monologues or special interests around narrow interests, limited or inappropriate non-verbal communication and a compulsive need for routine. The term Theory of Mind has been used to describe the psychological dysfunction underlying the triad of impairments shared by all people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (Wing, 1996). Theory of mind describes the ability to be able to put oneself in the position of another and be able to appreciate their feelings, wants and wishes. This inability to empathise and put yourself in someone elses shoes means that those with Asperger syndrome, like those with other forms of Autistic Spectrum Disorder, are unable to judge the probable actions or responses of others (Browning Caulfield, 2011). Many studies support the view that the majority of those with Autistic Spectrum Disorders and Asperger syndrome are law abiding and that very few engage in illicit criminalised behaviour. The very features of AS mean that the vast majority of this section of the population are very pedantic in their adherence to the law due to their literal thinking (Wing, 1997, Murrie et al. 2002, Myers, 2004). It may be that speculative assumptions that those with Autistic Spectrum Disorders or Asperger syndrome possess a greater propensity towards violent criminality is generated through media reporting and both factual and fictional film, television and radio. There are relatively few people in the public eye with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder however the reporting of rare acts of violence within the media is potentially harmful serving only to assist in the creation of inaccurate perceptions of affected individuals ( Browning Caulfield, 2011). An accurate prevalence of Asperger syndrome within the general population is yet to be established as findings between studies are varied. Research has indicated the prevalence of Asperger syndrome to be between 2 and 60 per 10,000 (Gillberg 1991, Wing 1996). Murphy, (2003) reported that there is evidence that 3-4 in every 100 children may develop Aspergers syndrome and there is general agreement that the prevalence of Asperger syndrome is low. Current statistics provided by the National Autistic Society estimate that the prevalence of all Autistic Spectrum Disorders in the UK is approximately 1% (NAS, 2008). Attempts to assess the violence and criminality rate have also been made more difficult due to the low prevalence and problems relating to gaining valid diagnosis of Aspergers Syndrome. It must also be recognised that additional problems in this field may stem from specific difficulties. People with Autistic Spectrum Disorder or Aspergers syndrome within the criminal justice system may be being misdiagnosed and being given other labels such psychosis. There may be a form of societal reluctance to link specific disorders within criminality thus meaning an under-estimation of prevalence is given. Berney (2004) also considers the idea that there is an increasing unwillingness within the UK to pursue prsecution unless there is a high possibility of conviction. Data may also not be taking into account large numbers of people who do not enter the criminal justice system as they are subject to diversion or do not get charged (Hawk et al. (1993). Some researchers have proposed that the core features of Autistic Spectrum Disorder such as abnormal development of social interaction and development may expose those on the spectrum to commit offending (Haskins and Silva, 2006). However this does not mean that having Autistic Spectrum Disorder enhances the likelihood of offending. Researchers have used a range of different strategies in order to study any possible association between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending. Prevalence of persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorder in the Criminal Justice System In order to better understand if there is any relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour some researchers have focused on Autistic Spectrum Disorder among those who have already been or are still in the criminal justice system. Scragg and Shah (1994) considered a hypothesis that there may exist co-morbid neurological disorders in those with Asperger syndrome that may be an underlying factor of violent acts committed. Their research examined the entire male population (n=392) of Broadmoor hospital using methods such as interviewing staff and patients and screening case notes. They found a prevalence rate for Asperger syndrome of 1.5% significantly exceeding the prevalence rate of 0.36% found by Elthers and Gillberg (1993) in the general population using the same diagnostic criteria. Siponmaa et al (2001) conducted a retrospective study where a much higher prevalence rate of ASD among offenders was found in Sweden. The researchers reviewed case notes of 126 mentally disordered offenders and found that 15% had pervasive developmental disorder, 12% had pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified/atypical autism and 3% had Asperger syndrome. However these results cannot be generalised to offender populations as the sample was recruited from a forensic population of offenders who have a mental disorder requiring treatment and the majority had committed violent offences. Hare et al (1999) examined the prevalence of individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders within three hospitals in the UK. They found that 67.7% of the total Autistic spectrum disorder population of these prisons had Asperger syndrome. The rough prevalence estimate was 1.6% supporting the hypothesis that there is an over representation of people with Autistic spectrum disorder and in particular Asperger syndrome within forensic hospitals in the UK. In contrast Myers (2004) found very low numbers of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders in secure forensic and specialist settings in Scotland. Through examination of the number of people with learning disabilities with or without Asperger syndrome their findings indicate a prevelance estimate of 0.93% in the prison service; 0.46% in secure units and 1.39% in mental health units It must be recognised that prevalence studies have typically been restricted to highly specialised settings and therefore highly selected samples such as those at Broodmoor prison and secure services (Scragg and Shah,1994). There also appears to be a lack of research which has investigated the prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in general populations of people who had committed crime. Additionally there is also a failure to acknowledge that the offending behaviour of their research participants could potentially be attributed to other risk factors commonly associated with offending within the general population such as co-morbid mental health issues or social circumstances. There is large variability in prevalence rates across the discussed studies however there does appear to be some sort of association between autistic spectrum disorder and offending behaviour. Differences in types of diagnosis may account for some of the varying prevalence rates between different countries.Even specific studies involving highly specialised settings have found that a diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder had not been previously made for the majority; making this study of general populations even more difficult. . In making a diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder this can help in the understanding of reasons that crimes may have taken place and can help to decide on appropriate methods of care and management Detection of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in childhood/adolescence could provide opportunity to manage pre-disposing factors to offending behaviour. In the absence of such systems it could be argued that individuals with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder are at incre ased risk of developing offending behaviours. See Table 1 for an overview of the prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder found in studies within both forensic and community settings Prevalence of Offending Behaviour in individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder When reviewing the research a further method of investigating the relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour has been to examine the prevalence of offending behaviour in individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. The question of whether or not a person with Autistic spectrum disorder may be more likely to offend will provide richer information around any possible association. Hippler et al, (2009), completed a study to examine criminal offending in 177 former patients of Hans Asperger. No increased rate of registered convictions was found compared to the general population suggesting that people with Aspergers syndrome are not more likely to commit offences. Mourisden et al, (2008) looked at the prevalence of offending behaviours in individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder compared to typically developing controls using the Danish Criminal Register. Register data offers opportunity to analyse data from large populations in a historical, prospective way avoiding recall bias. Overall results found that 9% from the Autistic Spectrum Disorder group and 18% from the comparison group had convictions. This study suggests that rates of convictions are actually lower in individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder than in the general population. The research also indicated that criminal offences are very uncommon in childhood autism but more common in Aspergers syndrome. Allen et als (2008) study investigated the prevalence of Asperger syndrome and offending within a large geographical area. A survey methodology was used to identify adults with a recorded clinical diagnosis of Asperger syndrome in the South Wales area of the UK. The services contacted included mental health teams, local health practitioners, forensic practitioners and learning disability teams. Their results were generally not supportive of there being a significant association between Asperger syndrome and offending, attributing this to methodological problems including individuals with learning disabilities skewering the data, the focus on adults and misdiagnosis. Woodbury-Smith et al. (2006) identified that previous research had focused specifically on violent offending and suggested a need for community based research. Their reasoning was that statistical findings of research conducted within high security psychiatric or forensic settings only represented the prevalence of very serious offences therefore failing to be more representative of more generalised common-place criminality. They responded by conducting a study of offending by those with Asperger syndrome and Autistic Spectrum Disorders in the community. Although it must be acknowledged that the sample size was very small it was the first to look at offending patterns of individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders in the community. Their findings found that the level of offending occurring within the Autistic Spectrum Disorder group was lower than that of the neuro-typical group. Issues with these particular studies include the difficulties that some studies have such small, unrepresentative samples that make any estimates of prevalence epidemiologically insubstantial. Consequently whilst these studies do not give a true picture, this limited evidence also suggests that individuals with classic autistic disorder are very unlikely to offend and those with a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome are no more likely to offend than people in the general population. Table 1 Prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder studies within both forensic and community settings Study No. of participants Prevalence estimation Ghaziuddin et al (1991) Review of 132 published case studies 2.27% Scragg and Shah (1994) 392 1.5%-2.3% Hare et al. (1999) 22 1.6% Sipionmaa (2001) 135 15% diagnosed with ASD Myers (2004) 0.46% in secure psychiatric units 0.93% in the prison service 1.39% in mental health units Mouridson (2008) 313 0.89% Hippler et al (2009) 177 No increased prevalence compared to the general population Predisposing Risk Factors of Autistic Spectrum Disorder that might make a person more vulnerable to offending In order to examine if there is any relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour it is important to investigate whether there are any innate vulnerabilities that make it more likely that a person with Autistic Spectrum Disorder will offend. It must also be recognised that general vulnerability factors as identified in criminological literature such as low IQ, poor school achievement and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder will still all be relevant (Farrington, 2002). More general knowledge within this area will enhance both preventative programmes and forms of treatment and rehabilitation. Woodbury- Smith et al. (2006) completed an exploratory study where participants were recruited from different sources in the UK. These adult groups included 21 individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and a history of offending, 23 individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and no history of offending and a general population group of 23 people without Autistic Spectrum Disorder and no history of offending. Cognition areas known to be impaired in people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder such as theory of mind and emotional recognition were compared. Results showed that the Autistic Spectrum Disorder offenders showed a significantly greater impairment in the recognition of emotional expressions of fear, but no difference in theory of mind, executive function, and recognition of facial expressions of sadness. This finding indicates that this lack of ability to recognise fear in others may cause individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder to continue behaviour that is distressing to o thers thus possibly increasing the likelihood of offending. Langstrom et al (2009), used data from Swedish longitudinal registers for 422 individuals hospitalised with Autistic Spectrum Disorder during a thirteen year period . Their research compared those committing violent or sexual offences with those who did not. Their results found that violent individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder are generally male and diagnosed with Asperger syndrome rather than Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Conclusions also found that violent offending in Autistic Spectrum Disorder is related to similar co-occurring psychopathology as found in violent individuals without Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Limitations to this study must be cautiously interpreted as the sample was based on being hospitalised and are again therefore not necessarily representative of all individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder in the community There are very few reports that investigate the importance of co-morbid psychiatric factors when understanding if any relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour exists. Newman and Ghaziuddin (2008), reviewed 37 published cases with violent behaviour and AS in respect to concurrent psychiatric disorders and found that 29.7% of the reviewed cases had a definite psychiatric disorder whilst 54.0% had a probable psychiatric disorder. Subsequently when offending occurs within an individual with Autistic Spectrum Disorder it is important to exclude other psychiatric conditions because these can independently influence the risk of offending, as it does in the general population. Murphys (2003) study examined in the setting of a high-security psychiatric hospital whether male patients with AS could be distinguished from patients with personality disorder or schizophrenia on the basis of admission and neuropsychological details. This study adds to the review of research on Autistic Spectrum Disorder and offending behaviour as exploratory comparisons found that patients with Asperger syndrome were less likely to have a history of alcohol or illicit substance abuse and had lower index violence rations. Qualitative observations in this study suggested that whilst circumstances varied, offending behaviour tended to be associated with particular problems such as externalised misplaced blame, difficulty understanding consequence of their actions and difficulty with prospective taking. Murphy (2006) compared in-patients with schizophrenia, personality disorder and Aspergers syndrome in Broadmoor high security psychiatric hospital. The research indicated that those with AS were less likely to have histories of substance abuse or alcohol misuse and their offences had lower violence ratings than those of other patient groups. Palermo, (2004) examined the relationship between complex developmental disorders and delinquency by analysing three adult patients with Pervasive Developmental Disorder whose admission to hospital was precipitated by criminal behaviour. The patients all shared similar difficulties including struggling to understand social cues, showing mannerisms ad prosodic oddities and all had the presence of a major psychiatric illness whilst meeting the diagnostic criteria for Asperger syndrome. Their findings found that the reported behaviours resulted from co-morbid psychopathology and not as a direct consequence of a developmental disorder. Howlin (2004) suggests that the innate levels of empathy may be associated in particular with violent and sexual offending. Additionally Haskins and Silva, 2006. discuss how the illegal behaviours of a person with Asperger syndrome are predominantly associated with either a deficient theory of mind or an intense preoccupation with a narrow interest. The term weak central coherence refers to the detail focused processing style that is proposed to characterise autism spectrum disorders (Happe and Frith, 2006). A persistent preoccupation with parts of objects is one of the diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder in current practice (DSM-IV, 1994) Subsequently it has been proposed that this weak central coherence may make it difficult for an individual with Autistic spectrum disorder to think about the consequence of their actions. To confirm factors that predispose a person to commit a particular type of crime, further large scale, longitudinal prospective studies are needed. See Table 2 Table 2 Factors mediating offending in Autistic Spectrum Disorders in key studies Study Factors mediating offending in AS Murphy (2003) externalised misplaced blame difficulty understanding consequence of actions difficulty with prospective taking Barry-Walsh and Mullen (2004) narrow focus and preoccupation with a special interest Palermo (2004) struggling to understand social cues Co-morbid psychopathology Lack of empathy Howlin (2004) innate levels of empathy Happe Frith (2006) weak central coherence Haskins and Silva, (2006) deficient theory of mind An intense preoccupation with a narrow interest. Woodbury-Smith et al. (2006) significantly greater impairment in the recognition of emotional expressions of fear Newman and Ghaziuddin (2008) Co-morbid Psychiatric factors Allen et al (2008) Lack of concern and awareness Social naivety Impulsivity and mis-interpretation of the rules Overriding obsessions Types of Crime most associated with the disorder It is difficult to ascertain the types of offending behaviour in individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder due to the lack of valid epidemiologic studies. Clinical studies within the case study literature have also explored the hypothesised relationship between Autism and Offending behaviour. The offense type most commonly described within these studies tends to be sexual offences, arson and violent offenses. Studies of single cases and referred samples can provide indications of the types of offending which may be found in people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (Baron-Cohen, 1988, Barry-Walsh Mullen, 2004, Haskins Silva, 2006, Murrie et al. 2002, Schartz-Watts 2005). Mawson et al, (1985) case study focused on a 44 year old man cataloguing a series of strange violent behaviours including dropping a firework into a girls car, assaulting a crying baby at a railway station by putting his hand over its mouth to stop the noise, following a female teacher, getting close to her at every possibility. The authors speculate that there is an association between Asperger syndrome and violent behaviour however they do not put the offences in context of the mans diagnosis and significant impairments including sensory, theory of mind and inability to read social situations. Palermos, (2004) case studies behaviours respectively included threatening to kill a police officer, threatening to burn down a family members house and touching a prepubescent boy at a playground. Several case reports associated with Arson and Asperger syndrome have appeared in the literature. Mouridsen et als, (2007) study looked at the prevalence of offending behaviours in individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder compared to typically developing controls and found that only arson statistically separated Asperger syndrome cases from the comparison group. Haskins and Silva (2006), discuss a range of particular cases highlighting specific issues that might make a person with Autistic Spectrum Disorder have heightened risk for engaging in criminal behaviour. One reviewed case history involved a young man who was accused of starting a fire in his apartment to obtain insurance money. This fire killed his young daughter and nearly killed his wife. Additionally Sionmaa et al, (2001) reported that 10 (63%) of 16 crimes of Arson were perpetrated by individuals with AS. Barry-Walsh and Mullen, (2004), reported on two cases that had a history of fire-starting. Reasons for the offence of arson vary within each study however it is hypothesised that a major reason includes the narrowed fixations that some people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder may have and the lack of understanding of consequences and reasoning. It could be suggested that Arson may be more specifically related to behaviours seen in Autistic Spectrum Disorder . Epidemiological studies indicate that people with AS do commit sexual offences (Hare, 1999; Murphy 2003) but there is evidence that the rates of sex offending and child sex offences in particular are lower than in general populations ( Hare, 1999, Elvish, 2007). It has been suggested that individuals with Asperger syndrome display criminal behaviour due to their sexual preoccupations. Cases include that of a 21 year old male who had a history of stealing cotton lingerie and masturbating whilst holding womens night-dresses (Chesterman Rutter, 1993) and a young male with Asperger syndrome who had a history of recurrent sexual offences including touching the privates of young women; watching women in toilets and making obscene phone-calls (Milton et al, 2002). It appears that when individuals with autistic spectrum disorder do commit crimes they are less likely to involve alcohol, substance misuse and/or drugs (OBrian Bell, 2001). Additionally the offences of individuals with autistic spectrum disorder did not generally provide any direct gain to the individual. Wahlund Kristiannsson (2006) investigated 35 male offenders with diagnosis of ASD or anti-social behaviour referred for psychiatric assessment in Sweden. It was found that those with autistic spectrum disorder were less likely to be intoxicated and did not use knives or guns as frequently as the personality disorder group. It was also hypothesised that individuals with autistic spectrum disorders may offend at an earlier age than other neuro-typical offenders as difficulties in social interaction will start to be marked in early adulthood and youth resulting in a higher risk of offending behaviour. Recommendations to support individuals with ASD with Offending Behaviour There must be recognition that a number of people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder are involved with the criminal justice system whether that be as victims, witnesses or perpetrators of crime. Professionals working within the CJS must be educated regarding the unique diversity that may be found within people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder in order to improve the likelihood that these individuals will be treated more appropriately. Tiffin Nadkarni (2010) discuss how specialised assessments can identify risk factors associated with violent behaviour even if social and communication problems consistent with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder are present. However there is recognition that these tools compliment but do not replace structured clinical assessment. Subsequently a formulation of risk that recognises complexity but accepts limitations enables useful management plans to be made. The treatment of vulnerable groups within the criminal justice system has been focused on within specific research and it must be recognised that the process of arrest, questioning and trial may be more difficult for a person with Asperger syndrome then others. Difficulties may include misinterpreting what they hear, being unable to function effectively in unpractised, unfamiliar environments and using words without fully understanding their meaning (Mayes, 2003, Barry-Walsh and Mullen, 2004) Subsequently these difficulties may be considered to be the individual being un