The Life Trajectory of Social Marketing

Question: Discuss about the The Life Trajectory of Social Marketing. Ansewr: Introduction In this study, the assessment in done on the social marketing of the goods and services produced by Coca-Cola Amatil. It is very relevant for every profit making organization, government organization and for also the non-government and non-profit making organization to maintain social marketing of their products. In this study, the focus is on the social fact delivered by the company Coca-Cola Amatil is we must discourage drug, drink driving and also the use of mobile phones must be prohibited while driving (Kelly et.al. 2003). It is a social thought that is supported and spread by the company Coca-Cola Amatil in the markets of Australia as well as in other companies. The major focus of Coca-Cola Amatil is to do social welfare as it is important for the company well as for the people of Australia too and it can be possible by promoting that drinking and driving is not safe for the life. It is as social cause which uplifts the companys reputation in the markets of Australia. This campaign can be promoted through social marketing of Coca-Cola Amatil products (Andreasen, 2002). An overview of company Coca-Cola Amatil Coca-Cola Amatil was introduced in the year 1973 by the coca-cola company an it first plant is in Sydney in 1983. Coca-Cola Amatil is a company that also known as CCA. It is an independent company that is a producer of many mineral waters and soft drinks. This company was entered in the Australia beverage markets and industry by the year 1990. Now, this company is earning a good amount of revenues and the sale is also very good (Sigala, 2010). Coca-Cola Amatil has now gained licensed territories in Australia. The company main focus is now to engage itself in social marketing as it is the best cause that can help many companies to lift up in the markets of Australia. This company is promoting we must discourage drug; drink driving and also the use of mobile phones must be prohibited while driving (Priem, Hemminger, 2010). The campaign focus of Coca-Cola Amatil was launched in the year 1983, in which 68 % of the employees of Coca-Cola Amatil are engaged and reported. They said that they try to prevent the life of the people who drink and drive. It is the fact that drink also includes drugs and mobile phones (Weitzer, 2007). Coca-Cola Amatil is promoting many campaigns that supports that drink and drive is not safe hey also merge with the department of transportation of Australia to keep the records of number of accident takes place due to drink and drive (Carrigan, Attalla, 2001). The tagline of the campaign includes: "Drinking Driving Can Kill a Friendship" and "Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk." In this way, they are motivating the youth of the Australia to dont drink and drive (Wymer, 2011). It is promotion for the road safety as it is not only harming your own life but also the lives of other people. There are some strict rules imposed by the government of Australia that the drivers are not at all allowed to drink before driving (Andreasen, 2003). The motive of campaign is to promote a positive reason to not drink because may be there will something better that god has planned to be happened tomorrow. In this way, Coca-Cola Amatil merge with many small NGOs to promote the same cause. Through this report, the company Coca-Cola Amatil wants to aware the youth of Australia that lives of people are very important that is not only for them but also for the other people who loves them. In this way, this study will help to promote the cause of the safe driv ing to the people who are indulging in drinking habits (Carrigan, Attalla, 2001). Price The pricing for the products of Coca-Cola Amatil is done according to the geographic segment and market of Australia. Each sub brand of Coca-Cola Amatil has a different pricing strategy. It is also related to pricing strategy of competitors who give direct competition to the Coca-Cola Amatil. Place Coca-Cola Amatil is one of the famous soft drink in the markets of Australia. The distribution system of this company is very effective as they use new techniques in the distribution channels. They try to capture every part of Australia by effective distribution. Promotion Coca-Cola Amatil uses various promotional and advertising strategies so that the demand can be created. They associate the lifestyle and behavior of the people with the brand promotion so that the customers can relate with the products People The customers of Coca-Cola Amatil are present in all over the markets of Australia. The customers are very much fond of this brand that they cannot switch to any other brand easily. Swot Analysis Strength String relationship with the government and stakeholders of the company It is involved in the collaborative alcohol campaigns Visible promotions of the dont drink and drive campaigns Creation of new techniques to promote the social cause Help form the employees and other members who are working with Coca-Cola Amatil (Schultz et.al. 2007) Weakness There is a misconception that awareness leads to change in the behavior of the people There is a lack of research to target the real market There is also lack in the comprehensive approach to how to initiate the campaigns that are effective (Vogel, 2005) There is an involvement of Traditional fear campaigns that are not effective (Maignan, Ferrell, Ferrell, 2005) Opportunities They can create positive campaigns on the promotion of dont drink and drive They can target the population who are indulge in such activities They can utilize social media to promote and spread the ideas to a wider audience They can also involve primary health care options (King, 2011) Threats The alcohol industries are the opposition party for Coca-Cola Amatil Many people are against of this campaign who are demoralizing the other individuals The campaigns many times reach to saturation pints where nobody take interest and ignored by many individuals (Peloza, 2009). Justification of an Appropriate Target Market The target market for this campaign is the people who are involve in the drink and drive activities. The focus of Coca-Cola Amatil is to found out such people who are promoting such actives and also involved. They have to do the research and market survey for the same to find out and target to those people. The research and development department of the company Coca-Cola Amatil helped out in the research part (Witte, Allen, 2000). The target market can be other people related to those who drink a lot while driving. They can be the family members, friends and other people. This can be done through motivating the people related to such individuals who can give information and remove this habit of drink and drive (Maignan, Ferrell, Ferrell, 2005). Type of behavior Coca-Cola Amatil wants to create The Type of behavior Coca-Cola Amatil wants to create is that there must be no accident takes place on the roads of Australia due to drink and drive; this is the main motive f the company to promote safe driving habits among the people of Australia. This can be achieved only when the campaign started by Coca-Cola Amatil becomes successful and people started to follow the road safety rules (Margolis, Walsh, 2003). The benefits of such behaviors by Coca-Cola Amatil Coca-Cola Amatil is promoting many campaigns that support that drink and drive is not safe. They also merged with the departments of transportation of Australia to keep the records of number of accident takes place due to drink and drive. The tagline of the campaign includes: "Drinking Driving Can Kill a Friendship" and "Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk." The number of accidents takes place on the roads due to drink and drive will decrease (Van den Bulte, Lilien, 2001). The people become more aware for their lives and other people lives related to them. The consumption of alcohol and drugs become less. People will start taking care of their lives and health (Aguinis, Glavas, 2012). Messages used by Coca-Cola Amatil We must discourage drug, drink driving and also the use of mobile phones must be prohibited while driving (Pealoza, Venkatesh, 2006). "Drinking Driving Can Kill a Friendship" and "Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk." Dont drink and drive Stay alive dont drink and drive (Wilkie, Moore, 2003) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the campaign The effectiveness of the campaign can be evaluated through We can ask from the Police about the rate of accidents takes place due to drink and drive (Carrigan, Attalla, 2001). We can also from the Hospitals that how many patients are admitted Coca-Cola Amatil can ask to the Research development department to gather the information and data regarding the accident (Sheth, Parvatiyar, 2002) Feedback can be gathered from the local people Check out through patrolling (Vaaland, Heide, Grnhaug, 2008) Conclusion The main aim of this campaign by Coca-Cola Amatil is to promote the awareness about "dont drink during drive "campaign. The company is very much encouraged and wants to promote alcoholic free driving. The aim of this report is to promote the ways that many companies that are either government or non-government companies can adopt to promote such positive factors to the societies. This can also help them in promotion of their own goods and services. It is the best way to have sustainable growth in the company. Through this report, the company Coca-Cola Amatil wants to aware the youth of Australia that lives of people are very important that is not only for them but also for the other people who loves them. In this way, this study will help to promote the cause of the safe driving to the people who are indulging in drinking habits. Drugs and mobile phones are the second cause due to which the road accidents take place. So the companys other focus is to remove the use of drugs and mobile phones while driving. References Aguinis, H., Glavas, A. (2012). What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility a review and research agenda. Journal of management, 38(4), 932-968. Andreasen, A. R. (2002). Marketing social marketing in the social change marketplace. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 21(1), 3-13. Andreasen, A. R. (2003). The life trajectory of social marketing: some implications. Marketing Theory, 3(3), 293-303. Carrigan, M., Attalla, A. (2001). The myth of the ethical consumerdo ethics matter in purchase behaviour?. Journal of consumer marketing, 18(7), 560-578. Kelly, K. J., Edwards, R. W., Comello, M. L. G., Plested, B. A., Thurman, P. J., Slater, M. D. (2003). The Community Readiness Model: A complementary approach to social marketing. Marketing theory, 3(4), 411-426. King, G. (2011). Ensuring the data-rich future of the social sciences. science, 331(6018), 719-721. Maignan, I., Ferrell, O. C., Ferrell, L. (2005). A stakeholder model for implementing social responsibility in marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 39(9/10), 956-977. Margolis, J. D., Walsh, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative science quarterly, 48(2), 268-305. Peloza, J. (2009). The challenge of measuring financial impacts from investments in corporate social performance. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1518-1541. Pealoza, L., Venkatesh, A. (2006). Further evolving the new dominant logic of marketing: from services to the social construction of markets. Marketing theory, 6(3), 299-316. Priem, J., Hemminger, B. H. (2010). Scientometrics 2.0: New metrics of scholarly impact on the social Web. First Monday, 15(7). Schultz, P. W., Nolan, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., Griskevicius, V. (2007). The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychological science, 18(5), 429-434. Sheth, J. N., Parvatiyar, A. (2002). Evolving relationship marketing into a discipline. Journal of relationship marketing, 1(1), 3-16. Sigala, M. (2010). Web 2.0, social marketing strategies and distribution channels for city destinations: Enhancing the participatory role of travelers and exploiting their collective intelligence. In Social Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1280-1304). IGI Global. Vaaland, T. I., Heide, M., Grnhaug, K. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: investigating theory and research in the marketing context. European Journal of Marketing, 42(9/10), 927-953. Van den Bulte, C., Lilien, G. L. (2001). Medical Innovation Revisited: Social Contagion versus Marketing Effort 1. American Journal of Sociology, 106(5), 1409-1435. Vogel, D. J. (2005). Is there a market for virtue? The business case for corporate social responsibility. California management review, 47(4), 19-45. Weitzer, R. (2007). The social construction of sex trafficking: Ideology and institutionalization of a moral crusade. Politics Society, 35(3), 447-475. Wilkie, W. L., Moore, E. S. (2003). Scholarly research in marketing: Exploring the 4 eras of thought development. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 22(2), 116-146. Witte, K., Allen, M. (2000). A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns. Health education behavior, 27(5), 591-615. Wymer, W. (2011). Developing more effective social marketing strategies. Journal of Social Marketing, 1(1), 17-31.

Technology Is Helpful Student or Harmful Student free essay sample

The first technology in the world was fire and tools. People of the Stone Age did not have the luxury of turning on the TV and watching the news, texting on the phone and playing video games at the computer. Living in the Computer- Driven Information Age, we don’t necessarily think of fire or tools as technologies. So we learning how to use fire were the human development’s first try in the world. (From http://www. ushistory. org/civ/2d. asp) Many people have many opinions about technology. Is it helpful or harmful to students? Technology helps student have good work at school. But technology can made student not pay attention at classes, too. All the things have double-sides. How do you think? Technology becomes a big part to our lives every day and everywhere in the world. Technology can help people or harmful to people. Many students are using computer in classes, on home doing homework. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Is Helpful Student or Harmful Student or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Student can learn language faster and easier in the Internet. It’s very helpful for the student. Technology makes all students have a good brain, but many people think have some student using computer more than sleeping time. Some students are watching TV, texting on the phone and using Facebook at the same time. Scientists said technology made students forget learning from yesterday. I disagree. Technology can make everyone have fun, learn faster. Technology is the good for students. First, Technology makes students learn English in small villages. On February 1st 2012, a group called One Laptop Per Child carried 20 table computers to WenChi, Ethiopia. Many children at the village can’t go to school. They are very lucky. They used table computers to learn English. They think learning and reading English is very important. Table computer make it fast to learning English, even though computers are not the same as the English teacher. So they learn very hard. Technology helps student in many things. Second, Technology makes it easier for students to read and write. On March 2nd 2012, Apple said the new electronic textbooks will help students. Many school use IPad in class now. It’s easy to carry. Students can use textbooks to solve math problems and off’s easier to student class work to the teacher on time. Its make sense for the student. But Ipad textbook is very expensive, so not every student can have one. We hope they can lower the price. To sum up, IPad is helping students to learn shows us. Technology is not bad. Third, Technology lets students have fun while learning. Many school use Smart Board in class. In my class, we play games, watch CNN news and Brainpop, read the Achieve 3000 on the computer. Achieve 3000 can improve our reading and writing. It’s fun. However, many people think technology is harmful for the students. Because many students lose their mind for the game world. I’ve read about a student called Ben Alexander who gets up early every day in order to spend all the time to play computer games at home. The game is called World of Warcaft. I think we all know about this game. It’s the big game over the world. He can’t stop playing computer games and using the internet. He is only 19. I am very shocked for him. He can’t have good grades at school. It’s impossible for him. So he is looking some ways can stop play games. Later he found the Internet Addiction Program. This program is helping many people to leave the internet and games. It‘s very helpful for the students. I like it. If your children are spending too much time playing computer games, they may not get enough social interaction at home on outside. Students would lose proper communication skills with the teacher and classmates at school. If students choose the right educational computer games, they will learn some problem-solving skills, improve attention and can practice eye- hand coordination. If you have been playing games for a long time, you can stand up, watch the blue sky can rest your eyes for a few minutes. Finally, many things all have bad points and good points, and this includes technology. Although technology is fun, technology can be dangerous. Scientists think many students who like to use cell phone and play games before sleeping will not remember what they learn yesterday. They lose the memories. This is very terrible. However the benefits of the technologies in the classroom are far more than the harmful effects.

I vs. Me

I vs. Me I vs. Me I vs. Me By Maeve Maddox Some personal pronouns have two forms, one that is used as the subject of a verb and one that is used as the object of a verb or preposition. Subject forms: I, he, she, we, they My sister and I live in Texas. We raise chickens. (subject forms) Jack and she moved to Paris. They love it there. (subject forms) Object forms: me, him, her, us, them Mary gave me your address. (indirect object of a verb) The neighbors invited my wife and me to dinner. (object of a verb) We met him at the movies. We met her there too. We like them. (objects of a verbs) Jack writes to him every day. We went with them. (objects of prepositions) Presumably, these distinctions are taught to children in school. Supposedly, teachers and other school personnel model this usage to the students. Yet this is what we hear all around us: â€Å"Me and my friends went to Miami.† â€Å"The Governor invited my wife and I to dinner.† Those of us who know and care that I is a subject word and me is an object word react to such usage with feelings–if not cries–of outrage, but they continue. Actors portraying psychologists, FBI agents, and medical examiners declare, â€Å"Me and my colleagues interviewed the suspect.† â€Å"Him and his girlfriend were seen on the balcony.† â€Å"Make a reservation for Megan and I.† Don’t the actors know better even if the scriptwriters are semi-literate? The answer may well be that both actors and scriptwriters â€Å"know better,† but don’t care. They may desire to speak in a nonstandard way to show their freedom from what they regard as stuffy rule-following convention. On the other hand, they may not â€Å"know better.† They may genuinely believe that it’s correct to use Me as a subject and I as an object in a compound, even though they would never use them that way when the subject or object is not a compound. With grammatical constructions–as with Big Lies–if we hear them often enough, they will eventually â€Å"sound right.† Language changes inexorably from generation to generation. Pronouns alter more slowly than any other part of speech, but they do change. English once had three pronoun numbers: singular, dual, and plural. We lost the dual form early on. The singular second person pronoun thou and its forms thee, thy and thine dropped out of popular speech in the 16th century. (The Quakers retained some of the usage.) The second person plural went through some changes before settling on you for both singular and plural. Before you won as the all-purpose second person pronoun, ye was the subject form and you was the object form. The distinction was still being observed in the KJV translation of the Bible, but in popular speech, ye and you were becoming muddled: No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you. 1611 translation of Job 12:2 A southwest wind blow on ye And blister you all over! Shakespeare’s The Tempest, c.1611. As painful as the thought is to those of us who care, the mix-up of me and I in compound subjects and objects may become the norm. What do you think? Is there any way to reverse the trend? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Cannot or Can Not?Sentence Adverbs

A History of the Oreo Cookie

A History of the Oreo Cookie Most of us have grown up with Oreo cookies. There are photos of us with chocolatey remnants smeared across our faces. Theyve caused great disputes as to the best way to eat them- dunking them in milk or twisting off one side and eating the middle first. Besides eating them plain, there are recipes galore on how to use Oreos in cakes, milkshakes, and additional desserts. At some festivals, you can even try deep-fried Oreos. Needless to say, Oreos have become part of the twentieth-century culture. While most of us have spent a lifetime cherishing Oreo cookies, many dont know that since their introduction in 1912, the Oreo cookie has become the best-selling cookie in the United States. Oreos Are Introduced In 1898, several baking companies merged to form the National Biscuit Company (Nabisco), the maker of Oreo cookies. By 1902, Nabisco created Barnums Animal cookies and made them famous by selling them in a little box designed like a cage with a string attached (to hang on Christmas trees). In 1912, Nabisco had a new idea for a cookie- two chocolate disks with a creme filling in between. The first Oreo cookie looked very similar to the Oreo cookie of today, with only a slight difference in the design of the chocolate disks. The current design, however, has been around since 1952. Nabisco made sure to file for a trademark on their new cookie on March 14, 1912, being granted registration number  0093009 on August 12, 1913. Changes The shape and design of the Oreo cookie didnt change much until Nabisco began selling various versions of the cookie. In 1975, Nabisco released their DOUBLE STUF Oreos. Nabisco continued to create variations: 1987 Fudge covered Oreos introduced1991 Halloween Oreos introduced1995 Christmas Oreos introduced The delicious interior filling was created by Nabiscos principal scientist,  Sam Porcello, who is often referred to as Mr. Oreo. Porcello is also responsible for creating chocolate-covered Oreos. The Mysterious Name When the cookie was first introduced in 1912, it appeared as an Oreo Biscuit, which changed in 1921 to Oreo Sandwich. There was another name change in 1937 to Oreo Creme Sandwich before the modern name was decided upon in 1974: Oreo Chocolate Sandwich Cookie. Despite the official name changes, most people have referred to the cookie simply as an Oreo. So where did the name Oreo come from? The people at Nabisco arent quite sure. Some believe that the cookies name was taken from the French word for gold, or (the main color on early Oreo packages). Others claim the name stemmed from the shape of a hill-shaped test version; thus naming the cookie in Greek for a mountain, oreo. Still, others believe the name is a combination of taking the re from cream and placing it between the two o-shapes  in chocolate- making o-re-o. And still, others believe that the cookie was named Oreo because it was short and easy to pronounce. No matter how it got named, over 362 billion Oreo cookies have been sold since it was first introduced in 1912, making it the best selling cookie of the 20th century.

Minorities in the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minorities in the Media - Essay Example The act of seeking out revenge by harming an entire classification of people simply because they have been stereotyped is a major depiction of ignorance and responsible for a vicious cycle of hatred to formulate. This is where the movie American History X comes in. The purpose of the story is to realize that racial hatred does not accomplish anything except create more hate. The director and writer of this movie accomplish their purpose through character development, the targeted audience, and cinematography. Character development best helps to accomplish the purpose of the movie. The most developed characters in this film are Derek and Danny. Derek’s character is full of racial hatred and plays as a leader of a neo-Nazi group in Venice Beach, California at the beginning of the movie. â€Å"Based on this traumatic incident and an underlying climate of subtle racism, the elder son, Derek, focuses his rage on the minority community and becomes a racist agitator† (McKenna, 1999). Derek preaches to young skinheads about his beliefs of the American society and how minority groups are corrupting the society and wasting taxpayer’s money. Derek shows great hate towards minority groups mostly because of the fact that his father had been murdered by a black man. American History X is clearly a film dealing with the social topic of racism. The most interesting aspect of this movie is the way in which the subject unfolds. First of all, it is quiet obvious how difficult a subject that racism is to portray and effectively depict. However American History X presents the subject without any qualms and a unique clarity. Secondly the film’s main figurehead for racism, which is portrayed by Derek Vinyard (Edward Norton), is not an unintelligent redneck racist as most films usually portray anyone adopting such notions to be, but he is in fact a intelligent, eloquent, charming and bright man despite the fact that he clearly holds ideals which are terribl y wrong and confused. Finally, the film also shows that it is not only the white, neo-nazi racists who are fools for being involved in situations like these and adopt a lifestyle central on these stereotypes, but it is all those who hold hatred in their hearts. Through these methods, the film beautifully instills this idea upon the viewer, in an extremely compelling way, that hatred and racism will destroy a person and those who are closest to them. The intense realism that the movie portrays as far as the execution of the incidents is concerned is most impressive with no holds expelled of the intense racial hatred. As we go back to the starting of the movie when Derek figures that some black guys were trying to steal or wreck his truck he immediately grabs a gun, and shoots one of them, wounds another, and fires at the third as he gets away. It was then that one of the most brutal scenes in film history is shown in the way Derek forces the wounded man to put his face on the curb an d kicks the back of his head, smashing the mans skull. It is this scene that is such a perfect example of cumulative causation. This is because it depicts the endless circle of hate between both parties involved. For example, the young black men were acting out this way simply because they had been disgraced by the white male in the local basketball game; therefore, they go up to damage the white males care, which in turn leads to Derek shooting the young black men. This is a vicious circle with no seeming end. The strength that

Pure Competition paper MICROECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pure Competition paper MICROECONOMY - Essay Example For this reason therefore the hotel market is pure competitive. One of the characteristics of pure competition is that there are many buyers and sellers in the market, this also includes the fact that the buyers are willing to buy products at a given price and that the producers are willing to supply products at a given produce. The hotel business has several suppliers or firms which include red roof inn, red carpet inn, Knight inn, Travelodge hotel, day inn and Econo lodge, it is also evident that their continued operation over the years means that buyers are willing to buy their at a given price. On prices in a competitive market the prices are determined by the level of demand and supply, when demand increases then prices also increase and when the supply declines then prices are expected to increase, also that in the long run the market is at equilibrium, for this reason therefore the hotel market is characterised by the determination of prices by market forces and therefore we conclude that is fulfils one of the conditions of a competitive market. In pure competition there are no barriers to entry, for our case the hotel market is characterised by free entry and exit by firms and this is evident from the large number of firms in the industry and the lack of regulations by government to restrict entry into the hotel

Evaluation of the play Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of the play Blood Brothers Essay Thomas Hardy suggests that in the mid-ninteenth century women were limited in their choice of jobs. Factory work was available in some areas but this meant working long, tiresome hours. They could also work for the rich, but for very little money. The term used for a woman who makes dresses is a seamstress. They spent their lives sewing for the rich ladies who wore smart dresses. In Far From the Madding Crowd the main character Bathsheba is the proud owner of her inherited farm. She has maids, farm workers and shepherds working for her. She spends long hours of the day working in fields. She is a fortunate woman, very popular among the men but who clearly is unsure about life /love. Her character is affluent and enjoys a privileged lifestyle. In Wessex where the book was set it is very traditional, old fashioned (even some parts are today). The rural setting makes it relate to what the scenery was like, and enhances the atmosphere. At the time this book was written, health standards were very poor and there was no birth control. Illness was common, and people often had to cope for themselves. A woman was considered lucky if she was rich enough to employ a maid to care for her. There were no injections to prevent people against tetanus, common among farm workers. (It occurs when dirt is passed through a wound with a risk of getting paralysed) Nowadays we have modern medicine and equipment and highly trained doctors. Unlike men, woman had many limitations. If a party/ festival was being held all the women were obliged to leave the room, while the men drank. But Hardy shows a different stereotype to the one most women were accustomed to at that time- Bathsheba, instead of leaving the room quietly and without protestation, she leaves indignantly, having complained to her husband about the amount of alcohol that was offered- dont give it to them. This shows she was more independent than other women of her day. Women were expected to cook mostly and were frequently bossed around by their husbands (male domination) this has held a topic of sexism to woman today. In the Victorian times, women were expected to dress respectively. Evan if a woman showed a small amount of her ankle it was though of as blasphemous and unpleasant! Woman wore long dresses, bonnets and covered their arms up. Obviously a rich person would have a more fancy-detailed dress than a poor person. People though that woman were not equal to men because men were stronger and protector. Women were quoted as feeble and timid. Woman could vote very little and there was very little education for them. One thing I picked up on was that in the book when Troy was performing in the circus among the other men, there were no woman performing. This was against the rules and the circus would have needed strong performers, which were not, in their eyes woman. The workhouse was a place in which many poor/old people ended their days. But the workhouse was also for young people too. Fanny was one who died in the workhouse after giving birth. People would work and pray throughout the day. They had a regime but they were also allowed to relax and have free time to do what they wanted. It was thought that religion would help the poor to overcome their laziness, fecklessness and drunkenness. Even school lessons for children revolved around the Bible. There were foundation orphanages for children where they were treated with great care. This option was for woman who could not look after their children or were ill/having problems etc. This option would have done Fanny help, if she hadnt had died. From reading the book, and observing the film I have seen in depth that life then, is extremely different from today and what woman could and couldnt do. Men could do far more and seemed to get more out of life than woman. Troy was often seen doing much more than Bathsehba?